The importance of customer satisfaction in business prosperity is undeniable, so many organizations consider customer satisfaction as the main driver of their business growth and try to keep their ...customers satisfied. The business market has never been so competitive in most areas. This is the reason why things like customer experience and customer loyalty are more and more important and are considered an indicator to measure the success of the business. Based on this, in this research, we will examine the level of satisfaction of insurance policyholders with supplementary health insurance services in Iran using the SERVQUAL model. This model is one of the most common models used in the field of quality assessment in the service sector. The method of conducting this research is a descriptive survey. The sampling method in the current research is simply random the statistical population is insurance policyholders and the sample number is 686 people from the society. The findings of the current research showed that there is a negative and significant gap in all dimensions of service quality.
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CEKLJ, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Highlights • The majority of Israelis voluntarily purchased supplemental health insurance. • The public shows low level of knowledge about the insurance. • Three different measurements were used to ...evaluate knowledge. • Knowledge is a basic condition to an intelligent use of insurance’s benefits.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Several healthcare systems have elements of managed competition in which citizens can choose between multiple insurers. In order for this principle to function properly, all citizens should have ...equal opportunities to switch insurer. Studies, conducted around 2015, have shown that the supplementary insurance policy is perceived by citizens as a barrier to switching, which could have negative consequences for the intended goals of the system. We aim to explore whether a supplementary insurance policy still has a restraining role on the opportunity to switch among citizens in the Netherlands from 2015 to 2020. Furthermore, we will examine if the extensiveness of the supplementary insurance policy relates to the switching behaviour of citizens. This element has not been addressed in previous studies.
We obtained information on the role of the supplementary health insurance policy in the switching behaviour of citizens by sending questionnaires, yearly in February from 2015-2020, to 1,500 members of the Dutch Health Care Consumer Panel (DHCCP) each year. As such, we were able to examine whether having a supplementary insurance policy plays a role in the decision of Dutch citizens to switch insurer. The response rates were consecutively from 2015 to 2020: 60% (n = 896), 47% (n = 703), 44% (n = 659), 50% (n = 751), 48% (n = 715), and 54% (n = 806).
Citizens with a supplementary insurance policy switch less often than citizens without one. The extensiveness of the supplementary insurance policy is significantly associated with the decision of citizens to switch insurer; the more extensive citizens are insured, the less often they switch. Additionally, our results show that every year a small group of citizens does not switch insurer because they are concerned that they will not be accepted for a supplementary insurance policy.
Our results indicate that having a supplementary insurance policy holds citizens back from using their opportunity to switch. This contributes to the idea that having a supplementary insurance policy could be experienced by citizens as a barrier to switch. This raises questions about the extent to which the principle of managed competition in the Dutch healthcare system works as intended.
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(1) Background: Health insurance and social protection in Myanmar are negligible, which leaves many citizens at risk of financial hardship in case of a serious illness. The aim of this study is to ...explore the views of healthcare consumers and compare them to the views of key informants on the design and implementation of a nationwide health insurance system in Myanmar. (2) Method: Data were collected through nine focus group discussions with healthcare consumers and six semi-structured interviews with key health system informants. (3) Results: The consumers supported a mandatory basic health insurance and voluntary supplementary health insurance. Tax-based funding was suggested as an option that can help to enhance healthcare utilization among the poor and vulnerable groups. However, a fully tax-based funding was perceived to have limited chances of success given the low level of government resources available. Community-based insurance, where community members pool money in a healthcare fund, was seen as more appropriate for the rural areas. (4) Conclusion: This study suggests a healthcare financing mechanism based on a mixed insurance model for the creation of nationwide health insurance. Further inquiry into the feasibility of the vital aspects of the nationwide health insurance is needed.
The National Health Insurance Law in Israel ensures basic health basket eligibility for all its citizens. A supplemental health insurance plan (SHIP) is offered for an additional fee. Over the years, ...the percentage of supplemental insurance's holders has risen considerably, ranking among the highest in OECD countries. The assumption that consumers implement an informed rational choice based on relevant information is doubtful. Are consumers sufficiently well informed to make market processes work well?
To examine perspectives, preferences and knowledge of Israelis in relation to SHIP.
A telephone survey was conducted with a representative sample of the Israeli adult population. 703 interviews were completed. The response rate was 50.3%.
85% of the sample reported possessing SHIP. This survey found that most of the Israeli public parched additional insurance coverage however did not show a significant knowledge about the benefits provided by the supplementary insurance, at least in the three measurements used in this study.
The scope of SHIP acquisition is very broad and cannot be explained in economic terms alone. Acquiring SHIP became a default option rather than an active decision. It is time to review the goals, achievements and side effects of SHIP and to create new policy for the future.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
(1) Background: Health insurance and social protection in Myanmar are negligible, which leaves many citizens at risk of financial hardship in case of a serious illness. The aim of this study is to ...explore the views of healthcare consumers and compare them to the views of key informants on the design and implementation of a nationwide health insurance system in Myanmar. (2) Method: Data were collected through nine focus group discussions with healthcare consumers and six semi-structured interviews with key health system informants. (3) Results: The consumers supported a mandatory basic health insurance and voluntary supplementary health insurance. Tax-based funding was suggested as an option that can help to enhance healthcare utilization among the poor and vulnerable groups. However, a fully tax-based funding was perceived to have limited chances of success given the low level of government resources available. Community-based insurance, where community members pool money in a healthcare fund, was seen as more appropriate for the rural areas. (4) Conclusion: This study suggests a healthcare financing mechanism based on a mixed insurance model for the creation of nationwide health insurance. Further inquiry into the feasibility of the vital aspects of the nationwide health insurance is needed.
Background: Existence or non-existence of adverse selection in insurance market is one of the important cases that have always been considered by insurers. Adverse selection is one of the ...consequences of asymmetric information. Theory of adverse selection states that high-risk individuals demand the insurance service more than low risk individuals do. Methods: The presence of adverse selection in Iran's supplementary health insurance market is tested in this paper. The study group consists of 420 practitioner individuals aged 20 to 59. We estimate two logistic regression models in order to determine the effect of individual's characteristics on decision to purchase health insurance coverage and loss occurrence. Using the correlation between claim occurrence and decision to purchase health insurance, the adverse selection problem in Iranian supplementary health insurance market is examined. Results: Individuals with higher level of education and income level purchase less supplementary health insurance and make fewer claims than others make and there is positive correlation between claim occurrence and decision to purchase supplementary health insurance. Conclusion: Our findings prove the evidence of the presence of adverse selection in Iranian supplementary health insurance market.
Existence or non-existence of adverse selection in insurance market is one of the important cases that have always been considered by insurers. Adverse selection is one of the consequences of ...asymmetric information. Theory of adverse selection states that high-risk individuals demand the insurance service more than low risk individuals do.
The presence of adverse selection in Iran's supplementary health insurance market is tested in this paper. The study group consists of 420 practitioner individuals aged 20 to 59. We estimate two logistic regression models in order to determine the effect of individual's characteristics on decision to purchase health insurance coverage and loss occurrence. Using the correlation between claim occurrence and decision to purchase health insurance, the adverse selection problem in Iranian supplementary health insurance market is examined.
Individuals with higher level of education and income level purchase less supplementary health insurance and make fewer claims than others make and there is positive correlation between claim occurrence and decision to purchase supplementary health insurance.
Our findings prove the evidence of the presence of adverse selection in Iranian supplementary health insurance market.
Objective: This paper was to explore whether supplementary medical insurance (SHI) can be an effective supplement to basic medical insurance (BHI). Methods: based on the data of CHARLS in 2018, the ...effects of BHI and SHI on residents' medical service utilization and household medical expenditure were discussed by using two-part model and quantile regression model, respectively. Results: the regression results of the two-part and quantile models showed that SHI was an effective supplement to BHI, but the effect of SHI on vulnerable groups was not favorable. Conclusion: when SHI gave full play to the efficiency of the system, it sacrificed the fairness to some extent. Government departments should continue to work to help residents improve their income and incline policies to vulnerable groups, so as to further reduce the burden of high medical expenses of residents.
Cette thèse est consacrée aux systèmes d'assurance maladie mixtes où la couverture publique obligatoire peut être améliorée par une complémentaire santé. Les questions abordées portent sur l'effet ...inflationniste de la complémentaire sur le prix des soins et sur l'impact de la tarification à l'âge sur les solidarités entre malades et bien portants et entre catégories de revenu. Les analyses empiriques sont réalisées sur données françaises. Cette base de données originale regroupe les consommations de soins de 99,878 affiliés à la MGEN sur la période 2010-2012. Le chapitre 1 estime l'effet causal d'une meilleure couverture sur la consommation de dépassements d'honoraires et démontre l'effet inflationniste de la complémentaire sur le prix des soins. Le chapitre 2 considère l’hétérogénéité de l'impact d'une meilleure couverture sur les dépassements et sa corrélation avec la demande d'assurance. De fait, l’effet inflationniste de la complémentaire est accentué par des effets de sélection. Le chapitre 3 montre que la tarification à l'âge permet de maximiser les transferts entre malades et bien portants au détriment de la solidarité entre hauts et bas revenus.
This thesis deals with two questions relative to efficiency and fairness in mixed health insurance systems with partial mandatory coverage and voluntary supplementary health insurance (SHI): (i) the inflationary effect of SHI on medical prices; (ii) the fairness of SHI premiums. We set the analysis in the French context and perform empirical analyses on original individual-level data, collected from the administrative claims of a French insurer (MGEN). The sample is made of 99,878 individuals observed from 2010 to 2012. In Chapter 1, we estimate the causal impact of a generous SHI on patients' decisions to consult physicians who balance bill their patients. We find evidence that better coverage contributes to the rise in medical prices. In Chapter 2, we specify individual heterogeneity in moral hazard and consider its possible correlation with coverage choices. We find evidence of selection on moral hazard: individuals who are more likely to ask for coverage exhibit stronger moral hazard. In Chapter 3, results show that when SHI is voluntary, age-based premiums maximize transfers between low and high healthcare users but do not guarantee vertical equity.
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