Women’s marital surname change has been discussed as comprising one possible signal of intention to remain married, and may be perceived as such, and valued, by husbands. Here, the practice was ...investigated as a potential predictor of marital duration among couples who went on to divorce. An archival analysis was based on a search of all available, opposite-sex divorces filed over an 8-month period in a Canadian county. Among couples (
n
= 107) divorcing, marriages the women in which underwent marital surname change lasted 60% longer, controlling for wife’s age at the time of marriage. When the woman’s marital surname change/retention was used as a regression predictor of number of children of the marriage alongside marriage duration in years, only the latter was predictive. No husband took his wife’s surname. Giving the maternal surname (along with the paternal surname) to children occurred at a negligible frequency. Potential reasons for these findings including costly signaling and, ultimately, paternity uncertainty, as well as possible implications for public policy, are discussed.
Racial identification is a critical factor in understanding a multitude of important outcomes in many fields. However, inferring an individual’s race from ecological data is prone to bias and error. ...This process was only recently improved via Bayesian improved surname geocoding (BISG). With surname and geographic-based demographic data, it is possible to more accurately estimate individual racial identification than ever before. However, the level of geography used in this process varies widely. Whereas some existing work makes use of geocoding to place individuals in precise census blocks, a substantial portion either skips geocoding altogether or relies on estimation using surname or county-level analyses. Presently, the trade-offs of such variation are unknown. In this letter, we quantify those trade-offs through a validation of BISG on Georgia’s voter file using both geocoded and nongeocoded processes and introduce a new level of geography—ZIP codes—to this method. We find that when estimating the racial identification of White and Black voters, nongeocoded ZIP code-based estimates are acceptable alternatives. However, census blocks provide the most accurate estimations when imputing racial identification for Asian and Hispanic voters. Our results document the most efficient means to sequentially conduct BISG analysis to maximize racial identification estimation while simultaneously minimizing data missingness and bias.
Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat polymorphisms (Y-STRs) and Y-chromosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs) are valuable genetic markers used in paternal lineage identification and population ...genetics. Currently, there is a lack of an effective panel that integrates Y-STRs and Y-SNPs for studying paternal lineages, particularly in East Asian populations. Hence, we developed a novel Y-chromosomal targeted panel called YARN (Y-chromosome Ancestry and Region Network) based on multiplex PCR and a single-end 400 massive parallel sequencing (MPS) strategy, consisting of 44 patrilineage Y-STRs and 260 evolutionary Y-SNPs. A total of 386 reactions were validated for the effectiveness and applicability of YARN according to SWGDAM validation guidelines, including sensitivity (with a minimum input gDNA of 0.125 ng), mixture identification (ranging from 1:1–1:10), PCR inhibitor testing (using substances such as 50 μM hematin, 100 μM hemoglobin, 100 μM humic acid, and 2.5 mM indigo dye), species specificity (successfully distinguishing humans from other animals), repeatability study (achieved 100% accuracy), and concordance study (with 99.91% accuracy for 1121 Y-STR alleles). Furthermore, we conducted a pilot study using YARN in a cohort of 484 Han Chinese males from Huaiji County, Zhaoqing City, Guangdong, China (GDZQHJ cohort). In this cohort, we identified 52 different Y-haplogroups and 73 different surnames. We found weak to moderate correlations between the Y-haplogroups, Chinese surnames, and geographical locations of the GDZQHJ cohort (with λ values ranging from 0.050 to 0.340). However, when we combined two different categories into a new independent variable, we observed stronger correlations (with λ values ranging from 0.617 to 0.754). Overall, the YARN panel, which combines Y-STR and Y-SNP genetic markers, meets forensic DNA quality assurance guidelines and holds potential for East Asian geographical origin inference and paternal lineage analysis.
●1. An advanced panel incorporating 44 Y-STRs and 260 Y-SNPs was developed and validated.●A preliminary genetic analysis of 484 male individuals was conducted.●Significant correlations among factors such as haplogroups, surnames, and locations were identified.
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Teachers in Japanese schools employ alphabetical surname lists that call students sooner, with surnames appearing early on these lists. We conducted Internet surveys nearly every month from March ...2020 to September 2022 with the same participants, wherein we asked participants where the alphabetical columns of their childhood and adult surnames were located. We aimed to identify how surname order is important for the formation of noncognitive skills. During the data collection period, the COVID-19 vaccines became available; Japanese people could receive their third dose starting in December 2021. The 19th wave of the survey was conducted in January 2022. Therefore, to examine how a surname's alphabetical order could influence intention to revaccinate, we used a subsample of data from December 2021 to September 2022. The major findings were as follows. Women with early surnames had an approximately 4% stronger likelihood of having such intentions than men with early surnames. Early name order was more strongly correlated with revaccination intention among women than among men. The surname effect for women was larger when a mixed-gender list was used compared with when it was not used. This effect was only observed for childhood surnames and not for adult surnames.
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The aim of official personal names policy in Sweden in the first half of the 20th cen- tury was to encourage the population to adopt surnames that were more unique than the commonest patronymics ...borne by many people at that time (e.g. Andersson). A more unique name could be acquired by changing either to a surname used in one’s extended family or to a newly formed surname. To assist those wishing to change to a newly formed name, from 1921 onwards the Swedish state published lists of suggested surnames. This article studies a period during the first half of the 20th century that saw most activity in terms of adopting newly formed surnames. By comparing the names requested in applications for a change of surname with the lists issued by the state, it aims to show to what extent people made use of the lists of suggestions when taking a new surname. The study also examines the operations of small businesses known as namnbyråer – ‘name agencies’ – which helped name changers with their applications.
Four experienced teachers of beginning Chinese have developed this introductory textbook. A pilot edition has been tested widely in classrooms and refined over a period of years. Among its salient ...features are lessons that are lively, amusing, and relevant to everyday life: concentrated training of ear and tongue in the sound system of Chinese; extensive grammar notes, clearly presented, with attention to mistakes English-speakers are likely to make; a carefully sequenced character workbook embodying a new and effective approach to the learning of Chinese characters; and audiovisual reinforcement via a complete set of audiotapes and two videotapes, one of which offers entertaining dramatizations of the lesson dialogues. The Chinese Primer is available in two versions, one using the GR system of romanization, which employs different spellings instead of diacritical marks for different tones, the other using Pinyin romanization. The contents of the four volumes are as follows: (1) Blue Book Lessons : Introduction; foundation work on pronunciation; lesson dialogues in romanized Chinese and English; appendices; glossary-index. (2) Red Book Notes and Exercises : Vocabularies; grammar notes and culture notes keyed to the lessons; exercises. (3) Yellow Book Character Workbook : workbook. (4) Green Book Pinyin Character Text : Texts of the lessons in both traditional and simplified Chinese characters, and a Chinese introduction for teachers. The first three volumes: Blue Book, Red Book, and Yellow Book are sold as a set GR Set or Pinyin Set). In addition, the GR Blue Book Lessons , GR Red Book Notes and Exercises , and GR Yellow Book Character Workbook , along with the Pinyin Green Book Pinyin Character Text are sold separately. The GR Audio and video materials are available from the Chinese Linguistics Project at Princeton University for use with this text. These supplementary materials are not published by Princeton University Press. For further information and prices, contact the Chinese Linguistics Project, 231 Palmer Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, N.J. 08544. (609-258-4269).
This article analyses the specific nature of nominations of women in official documents of the Bratslav Voivodship in the period 1566–1606. The authors attach a particular attention to ...extralinguistic factors that are required for the correct interpretation of using various means of anthroponymic identification of women in the analysed texts. A comparison to the results of the Ukrainian, Polish, and Belarusian onomastics provides grounds for the ascertainment of the popularity of the female name Anna and the popularisation of the name Maria in the Polish‑Lithuanian Commonwealth under the Ukrainian influence. Like in the neighbouring Polish lands, is the bi-lexical (through the first name and surname) method of anthroponymic identification of women prevalent in the Bratslav region’s documents.
Nazwiska w oficjalnym obiegu występują w urzędowo zatwierdzonej formie i nie mogą być dowolnie zmieniane. W komunikacji potocznej niekiedy podlegają pewnym przeobrażeniom, co ma wpływ na ich wartość ...komunikacyjną. W artykule zanalizowano jeden typ przekształceń nazwisk w komunikacji internetowej, a mianowicie tworzenie nieoficjalnych form nazwisk kobiet z wykorzystaniem wybranych gwarowych sufiksów marytonimicznych. Rozważania zostały ograniczone do grupy nazwisk kobiet uczestniczących w życiu politycznym. Nazwiska kobiet polityków ukształtowane według gwarowych schematów tworzenia formacji marytonimicznych w komunikacji internetowej funkcjonują jako ekspresywizmy, które mogą pełnić różne funkcje, z których najważniejsze to funkcja wartościująca, perswazyjna, ludyczna i identyfikująca.
Using surname sharing as a novel measure of social ties, we examine the effect of directors’ surname sharing on firm value. We find that boards with greater surname homogeneity are associated with ...lower firm value. This finding is not driven by familial ties. The negative effect of surname sharing on firm value is more pronounced when directors share rare surnames and when firms operate in regions with stronger clan systems, but is attenuated by stronger corporate governance mechanisms. The market reacts positively to plausibly exogenous director resignations that reduce director surname sharing, and negatively to board appointments that increase director surname sharing. Director surname sharing lowers firm value by reducing director dissension, granting excess executive compensation, and increasing related-party transactions. Overall, our results suggest that directors’ surname sharing, an easy-to-trace but previously neglected social tie, can have significant economic consequences.
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