Multilayered multi‐material interfaces are encountered in an array of fields. Here, enhanced mechanical performance of such multi‐material interfaces is demonstrated, focusing on strength and ...stiffness, by employing bondlayers with spatially‐tuned elastic properties realized via 3D printing. Compliance of the bondlayer is varied along the bondlength with increased compliance at the ends to relieve stress concentrations. Experimental testing to failure of a tri‐layered assembly in a single‐lap joint configuration, including optical strain mapping, reveals that the stress and strain redistribution of the compliance‐tailored bondlayer increases strength by 100% and toughness by 60%, compared to a constant modulus bondlayer, while maintaining the stiffness of the joint with the homogeneous stiff bondlayer. Analyses show that the stress concentrations for both peel and shear stress in the bondlayer have a global minimum when the compliant bond at the lap end comprises ≈10% of the bondlength, and further that increased multilayer performance also holds for long (relative to critical shear transfer length) bondlengths. Damage and failure resistance of multi‐material interfaces can be improved substantially via the compliance‐tailoring demonstrated here, with immediate relevance in additive manufacturing joining applications, and shows promise for generalized joining applications including adhesive bonding.
By crafting a spatially compliance‐tailored bondlayer utilizing additive manufacturing, mechanical performance can be increased significantly compared to the homogeneous stiff or compliant bondlayer, imparting greater strength, strain to break, and toughness, while maintaining stiffness of the homogeneous stiff bondlayer.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
As a sustainable technology, semiconductor photocatalysis has attracted considerable interest in the past several decades owing to the potential to relieve or resolve energy and ...environmental‐pollution issues. By virtue of their unique structural and electronic properties, emerging ultrathin 2D materials with appropriate band structure show enormous potential to achieve efficient photocatalytic performance. Here, the state‐of‐the‐art progress on ultrathin 2D photocatalysts is reviewed and a critical appraisal of the classification, controllable synthesis, and formation mechanism of ultrathin 2D photocatalysts is presented. Then, different strategies to tailor the electronic structure of ultrathin 2D photocatalysts are summarized, including component tuning, thickness tuning, doping, and defect engineering. Hybridization with the introduction of a foreign component and maintaining the ultrathin 2D structure is presented to further boost the photocatalytic performance, such as quantum dots/2D materials, single atoms/2D materials, molecular/2D materials, and 2D–2D stacking materials. More importantly, the advancement of versatile photocatalytic applications of ultrathin 2D photocatalysts in the fields of water oxidation, hydrogen evolution, CO2 reduction, nitrogen fixation, organic syntheses, and removal pollutants is discussed. Finally, the future opportunities and challenges regarding ultrathin 2D photocatalysts to bring about new opportunities for future research in the field of photocatalysis are also presented.
Recent progress in the study of ultrathin 2D photocatalysts is reviewed. Different strategies to tailor the electronic structures and hybridizations while maintaining the ultrathin 2D structure to further boost the photocatalytic activity are presented. The advancement of versatile photocatalytic applications of ultrathin 2D photocatalysts is also discussed.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Project Management is evolving more rapidly than ever1. Driven by the progress in new technologies and the emergence of agile methodologies, organizations such as the Project Management Institute ...(PMI) reviewed their Project Management Standards to reflect on this phenomenon. In its latest edition, the Project Management Body Of Knowledge 7th1 (PMBOK), gather the largest number of evolutionary 2 and a disruptive approach based on Principles and focuses on emerging trends such as tailoring, to enhance value delivery through project results342. Nevertheless, the PMI states that this new release does not invalidate previously published versions of PMBOK. However, the coexistence of these two perspectives may initially be an unclear subject for managers and teams, used to a process-oriented 5.
This research studied the relationship between PMBOK 6th5 and PMBOK 7th1 and the importance of their connection applied to project tailoring and value creation, through a model that relates concepts from PMBOK 7th1 (Methods, Models and Artifacts and Performance Domains) and the PMBOK 6th5 (Processes).
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
It is well established that the morphologies and sizes of photocatalysts have important effects on their photocatalytic activities; developing special nanostructures with excellent photocatalytic ...activity is a fundamental subject to promote the industrial application of photocatalysis technology. In this study, we have synthesized various Bi2O2CO3 nanostructures via different hydrothermal routes, including nanosheets, nanoplates, nanoparticles, nanosheet-assembled hierarchical nanotubes, pinecone-like hierarchical nanostructures, and carnation flower-like hierarchical nanostructures. The properties of the as-synthesized nanostructures were investigated by various techniques. Their photocatalytic activities were systematically compared by degrading methylene blue (MB) and reducing Cr(VI) ions under simulated-sunlight irradiation, revealing that they exhibit largely different photocatalytic activities. Among various Bi2O2CO3 nanostructures, the nanoparticles demonstrate the highest photodegradation activity for degrading MB, whereas the hierarchical nanotubes exhibit the highest photoreduction activity for reducing Cr(VI) ions. Moreover, the photodegradation of other organic pollutants over Bi2O2CO3 nanoparticles was also investigated. The underlying photocatalytic mechanism was discussed and analyzed in details.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
With a growing demand for packaging materials and witnessing many landfills and huge garbage islands floating in the Pacific oceans, the need for an alternative material such as bio-degradable ...plastics has risen. Cellulose-based materials are already in use in several packaging industries. Nanocellulose, a processed cellulose with a specific nanostructure, have several advantages such as high specific strength, modulus, high surface area and unique optical properties. By varying the crosslinking percentages, the kinetics of degradation can be tailored. In this work, extracted cellulose from sugarcane bagasse was hydrolyzed to obtain nanocellulose, which was used to fabricate packaging films (membrane) with PVA as matrix and nanocellulose. Variations of PVA and nanocellulose loadings, and crosslinking agent ratios. In the fabricated films were investigated for chemical, mechanical, optical, thermal, and topographical properties. Results from the degradation tests under appropriate physically simulated environments have suggested that the crosslinking has enhanced the mechanical properties, extent of degradation was dependent on percentages of crosslinking. A real-world device packaging application was demonstrated by encapsulation of perovskite solar cells with the fabricated nanocellulose film revealed that the lifetime of the devices improved which might be indicative of the film having lower permeability for oxygen and moisture.
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•Utilization of Agricultural residues for packaging applications.•Biodegradable cellulose-based materials used for device packaging.•Extraction and isolation of nanocellulose from sugarcane bagasse.•Nanocellulose was crosslinked to tailor mechanical and degradative behavior.•Perovskite solar cell encapsulated with nanocellulose film showed extended stability.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•Tailoring criteria have a relevant impact on the adoption of agile practices.•Main criteria are external environment, previous knowledge and internal environment.•Organizations adopt agile practices ...to fit their context, culture and objectives.•Organizations adopt hybrid or custom software methods to meet their needs.•Novice practitioners in Brazil start using traditional software development practices.
The software development industry adopts agile methods in different ways by considering contextual requirements. To fulfill organizational needs, adoption strategies consider agile methods tailoring. However, tailoring according to the context of the organization remains a problem to be solved. Literature on criteria for adopting software development methods exists, but not specifically for agile methods. Given this scenario, the following research question arises: what is the impact of software method tailoring criteria on the adoption of agile practices? To answer this question, we conducted a survey among agile practitioners in Brazil to gather data about importance of the tailoring criteria and agile practices adopted. A model for agile practices adoption based on the tailoring criteria is proposed using the results of the survey with a majority of novice agile practitioners. The proposed model was validated using PLS-SEM (partial least squares structural equation modeling) and the survey data. Results show that adoption of agile practices was influenced by criteria such as external environment, previous knowledge and internal environment. Results also indicate that organizations tend to use hybrid/custom software methods and select agile practices according to their needs.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The essay intends to explore the contribution made - over a chronological span from the late 1930s to the present day - by Neapolitan haute couture houses to the Italian film industry, focusing on ...Oscar-winning films in which the constant link with Naples emerges. These prestigious haute couture houses have dressed world-famous actors, creating unique costumes in their luxury workshops. The relationship with the world of show business has developed since the historic beginnings of the tailor's workshops, influencing not only recent collaborations, but also the very history of the clothes that actors have worn in their daily lives. Today, these garments form part of museum collections, consolidating identity through documented storytelling. The international notoriety acquired by the Maestri has attracted directors and costume designers, both Italian and foreign, who choose these workshop centres to dress protagonists who symbolise luxury and Italian character. These experiences, with their continuity and visibility on the big screen, have contributed to the international diffusion of the names of these bastions of Italian men's tailoring, highlighting formal, chromatic, and technical details that have defined the characters dressed in 'Made in Naples' clothes.
With the rapid advancements in technology and growing aerospace applications, there is a need for effective low-weight and thermally insulating materials. Aerogels are known for their ...ultra-lightweight and they are highly porous materials with nanopores in a range of 2 to 50 nm with very low thermal conductivity values. However, due to hygroscopic nature and brittleness, aerogels are not used commercially and in daily life. To enhance the mechanical and hydrophobic properties, reinforcement materials such as styrene, cyanoacrylates, epoxy along with hydroxyl, amines, vinyl groups are added to the surface. The addition of organic materials resulted in lower service temperatures which reduce its potential applications. Polyimides (PI) are commonly used in engine applications due to their suitable stability at high temperatures along with excellent mechanical properties. Previous research on polyimide aerogels reported high flexibility or even foldability. However, those works' strategy was mainly limited to altering the backbone chemistry of polyimide aerogels by changing either the monomer's compositions or the chemical crosslinker. This work aims to summarize, categorize, and highlight the recent techniques for improving and tailoring properties of polyimide aerogels followed by the recent advancements in their applications.
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•Exploration of PI aerogels as new class of super thermally insulation materials•A detailed discussion on PI aerogel processing and polymerization steps•Summary of emerging techniques for improving the performance of PI aerogels•Perspectives on the opportunities and applications of PI aerogels
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•A systematic literature review of 56 research papers on agile methods tailoring.•Most of agile methods tailoring research papers proposed or improved a technique.•Agile method tailoring studies are ...generic and non-specific to agile methods.•Approaches for agile method tailoring are based method engineering.•Internal environment and objectives are the main criteria for method tailoring.
Background: The software development industry has been adopting agile methods instead of traditional software development methods because they are more flexible and can bring benefits such as handling requirements changes, productivity gains and business alignment. Objective: This study seeks to evaluate, synthesize, and present aspects of research on agile methods tailoring including the method tailoring approaches adopted and the criteria used for agile practice selection. Method: The method adopted was a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on studies published from 2002 to 2014. Results: 56 out of 783 papers have been identified as describing agile method tailoring approaches. These studies have been identified as case studies regarding the empirical research, as solution proposals regarding the research type, and as evaluation studies regarding the research validation type. Most of the papers used method engineering to implement tailoring and were not specific to any agile method on their scope. Conclusion: Most of agile methods tailoring research papers proposed or improved a technique, were implemented as case studies analyzing one case in details and validated their findings using evaluation. Method engineering was the base for tailoring, the approaches are independent of agile method and the main criteria used are internal environment and objectives variables.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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