Tarsal joint illness is a frequent source of hind limb lameness due to the complex anatomy of the region and the presence of numerous bony and soft tissue structures. Proper lameness diagnosis aims ...to discover the structure provoking lameness. Ultrasonography documents valuable information of soft tissues and characterizes soft tissue injuries that have heretofore been difficult to obtain either noninvasively or via radiography. The objectives of the current study were to develop and describe a standardized ultrasonographic protocol for investigation of the tarsal region in donkeys. The donkey tarsal anatomy was investigated in 5 cadavers and the tarsi of 11 healthy lameness free adult donkeys were echographically investigated. The dorsal, plantar, lateral and medial aspects of the tarsal region were substantially evaluated at four anatomical landmarks in both the longitudinal and horizontal planes using a multi-frequency 5-12 MHz linear transducer. Sonoanatomy of the extensor and flexor tarsal tendons, collateral and plantar ligaments, and synovial pouches was delineated and described. Systematic echography of the tarsal region allowed accurate localization and thorough exploration of various soft tissues of clinical interest in the donkey tarsus. Sonograms provided in this study should serve as a reference database for tarsal ultrasonography in clinical circumstances.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The material study of a corpus of twenty-two figurines from Tarsus was carried out in parallel with analyses of terracotta and polychromy. It was based on systematic observations under visible light ...and raking light, as well as on ultraviolet induced fluorescence photography and infrared reflectography. The technical gestures detected are interesting: some of them seem to be specific to Tarsus, whereas others could perhaps provide us with clues about the workshops involved in this production.
L’étude matérielle d’un corpus de vingt-deux figurines de Tarse a été menée en parallèle des analyses de pâte et de polychromie. Elle s’est basée sur des observations systématiques sous lumière du ...jour et lumière rasante, ainsi que sur l’imagerie ultraviolette et infrarouge. Les gestes techniques décelés sont particulièrement intéressants : si certains semblent propres à Tarse, d’autres pourraient peut-être nous fournir des indices sur l’organisation des ateliers à l’origine de cette production.
Highlights • Capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves are protective against autoimmune arthritis. • Desensitization of these fibers increase immune cell activation and edema. • Sensory denervation ...enhances ROS production, MMP activity and arthritic changes. • Late mechanical hyperalgesia is decreased after destroying these sensory nerves.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Abstract This study tests Wolff's law of trabecular bone adaptation by examining if induced changes in joint loading orientation cause corresponding adjustments in trabecular orientation. Two groups ...of sheep were exercised at a trot, 15 min/day for 34 days on an inclined (7°) or level (0°) treadmills. Incline trotting caused the sheep to extend their tarsal joints by 3–4.5° during peak loading (P < 0.01) but has no effect on carpal joint angle (P = 0.984). Additionally, tarsal joint angle in the incline group sheep were maintained more extended throughout the day using elevated platform shoes on their forelimbs. A third “sedentary group” group did not run but wore platform shoes throughout the day. As predicted by Wolff's law, trabecular orientation in the distal tibia (tarsal joint) were more obtuse by 2.7 to 4.3° in the incline group compared to the level group; trabecular orientation was not significantly different in the sedentary and level groups. In addition, trabecular orientations in the distal radius (carpal joint) of the sedentary, level and incline groups did not differ between groups, and were aligned almost parallel to the radius long axis, corresponding to the almost straight carpal joint angle at peak loading. Measurements of other trabecular bone parameters revealed additional responses to loading, including significantly higher bone volume fraction (BV/TV), Trabecular number (Tb.N) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), lower trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp), and less rod-shaped trabeculae (higher structure model index, SMI) in the exercised than sedentary sheep. Overall, these results demonstrate that trabecular bone dynamically adjusts and realigns itself in very precise relation to changes in peak loading direction, indicating that Wolff's law is not only accurate but also highly sensitive.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The study conducted an investigation into the effective utilization of Tarsus district's historical and cultural assets in Mersin province, with a focus on its tourism potential. The primary ...objectives were to promote the region and contribute to its economic, social, and cultural advancement. A survey was administered to gather information on dominant tourism types in Tarsus, including historical sites, cultural landmarks, local crafts, cuisine, caves, camping, wildlife, flora, gastronomy, local resources, natural attractions, and aesthetics. The results highlighted Tarsus' prominence due to its cultural heritage, historical structures, and natural wealth. Despite Tarsus's cultural diversity and tourism potential, the study revealed its current underrepresentation and various challenges, including the vulnerability of historical assets, insufficient infrastructure, and unguided utilization. The study suggests adopting a sustainable approach that balances conservation with utilization to address these issues and help Tarsus attain the recognition it rightfully deserves in the field of recreation and tourism.
Bu çalışmada Mersin iline bağlı Tarsus ilçesi tarihi ve kültürel zenginliklerinin etkin şekilde kullanımını ve bölgenin turizm yönünü keşfetmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada yörenin tanıtılmasına yardımcı olmak ve halkın ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel anlamda gelişmesini katkı sağlamak hedeflenmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında yapılan anket çalışmasında katılımcılara Tarsus kentinin turizm alanında tarihi mekânlar, kültürel yapı, yöresel el sanatları, yöresel yemekler, mağaralar, kamp / karavan, fauna, flora, gastronomi turizmi, yöresel zenginliği, doğal çekicilikleri ve güzellikleri gibi hangi turizm türlerinin baskın olduğu gibi pek çok soru yöneltilmiş ve bölgenin turizm potansiyeli belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde Mersin iline bağlı Tarsus ilçesinin özellikle kültürel mirası, tarihi yapıları ve doğal kaynak zenginliği ile ön plana çıktığı görülmektedir. Çalışma sonucunda, rekreasyon ve turizm potansiyeli açısından önemli bir kültür mozaiğine sahip olan Tarsus ne yazık ki pek çok açıdan bugün hak ettiği yerde olmadığı koruma kullanma dengesi içerisinde sürdürülebilir yaklaşımla gerekli önlemler alınması gerekliliği ortaya konulmuştur.
Three patients (one cat and two dogs) underwent dorsal transarticular tibio‐metatarsal plate, applied minimally invasively with two small incisions, as a temporary immobilisation of the hock ...following common calcaneal tendon repair. There were no clinical complications associated with the transarticular plate. In one patient, the distal screws had loosened as an incidental finding; ensuring screws are bi‐cortical may reduce the risk of this occurrence. All patients regained full tarsocrural range‐of‐motion. Application and removal of the plate does not interfere with the repair of the common calcaneal tendon, and the calcaneus is left available for application of implants to facilitate tendon repair if required.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The role of redox regulation in immune‐mediated arthritis has been previously described. However, the relationship between innate immune cells, including innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and ...phagocyte‐derived ROS, in this process remains unclear. Here, we characterize ILCs and measure the IL‐1 family cytokines along with other cytokines relevant to ILC functions and development in serum‐induced arthritic joints in wild type and phagocytic NADPH oxidase (NOX2)‐deficient Ncf1−/− mice. We found more severe serum‐induced joint inflammation and increased NCR+ ILC3s in inflamed joints of Ncf1−/− mice. Furthermore, in vitro stimulation with IL‐1β on Tbet+ ILC1s from joints facilitated their differentiation into ROR‐γt+ ILC3s. Moreover, treatment with IL‐1 antagonists effectively lowered the proportions of NCR+ ILC3s and IL‐17A producing ILC3s in Ncf1−/− arthritic mice and ameliorated the joint inflammation. These results suggest that NOX2 is an essential regulator of ILC transdifferentiation and may mediate this process in a redox‐dependent manner through IL‐1β production in the inflammatory joint. Our findings shed important light on the role of ILCs in the initiation and progression in tissue inflammation and delineate a novel innate immune cell‐mediated pathogenic mechanism through which redox regulation may determine the direction of immune responses in joints.
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and cytokines were investigated in mice with different ROS production levels to reveal the immunopathogenesis of arthritis. The differentiation to NCR+ ILC3s induced by IL‐1β in joints with lower ROS may aggravate arthritis. This study highlights the redox‐IL1β axis as a target for arthritis treatment.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Elucidating whether there is a correlation between biomechanical functions and histomorphometric data in the rat sciatic nerve crush injury model would contribute to an accurate evaluation of the ...regeneration state without sacrificing animals. The gold standard for functional evaluation is the sciatic functional index (SFI) despite there being intrinsic shortcomings. Kinematic analysis is considered a reliable and sensitive approach for functional evaluation, most commonly assessed as ankle angle at various phases of a gait cycle. Studies utilizing the toe angle for functional evaluation are scarce, and changes in the toe angle following surgery remain unknown. The present study assessed correlations of ankle angle, toe angle and SFI with histomorphometric data, aiming to determine which parameters most accurately reflect changes in histomorphometric data over time. Six Lewis rats were designated as the control group. 30 animals received surgery, six of them were randomly selected on the first, second, third, fourth, and sixth week after surgery for measurements of ankle and toe angles in the "toe-off" phase, and for evaluation of SFI. Histomorphometric analysis were also performed, to determine the number of myelinated nerve fibers, diameters of myelinated nerve fibers, axon diameters, and myelin sheath thicknesses. Furthermore, we investigated changes in ankle angle, toe angle, SFI, and histomorphometric data over time, as well as correlations between ankle angle, toe angle, and SFI with histomorphometric data. The results revealed that changes in SFI, ankle angle, and toe angle highly correlate with histomorphometric data in the rat sciatic nerve crush injury model. Toe angle reflected changes in histomorphometric data with time more precisely than ankle angle or SFI did, and ankle angle was a better prognostic parameter than SFI.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Le site du mont Gözlükule à Tarse (en Cilicie) a livré depuis le milieu du xixe siècle plus de 2000 figurines en contextes d’habitat, de tombes et d’ateliers artisanaux. L’étude des figurines ...conservées au Louvre et dans la maison de fouilles de Tarse a permis d’observer des spécificités techniques propres à ces ateliers de production coroplathique (usage de moules en plâtre, ajouts d’éléments en plâtre sur des exemplaires en argile, revers lisses, riche polychromie débordante…). Ces particularités observées à l’œil nu nécessitaient d’être enrichies par des analyses archéométriques, techniques et de polychromie réalisées par le Centre de recherches et de restauration des musées de France sur une vingtaine de figurines du Louvre.
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