•As an extension of earlier picture and storybook studies, this study examines how well children are able to recognize imaginary and real events in animated films.•Young children have the ability to ...discern fantastic and real events, but this ability is affected by the emotional valence of the events.•In both cartoons and animation with live action, the preschoolers reported positive real events to be more likely to occur than negative real events.•In animation with live action, the 3-year-olds were more likely to mistakenly judge a positive fantastic event to be real.
Television programs are loved by children and often contain fantastic events. Do preschoolers know that fantastic events cannot occur in daily life? This study systematically investigated whether children can accurately distinguish between real and fantastic events. In study 1, 90 3- to 5-year-old children watched 16 cartoon clips of fantastic and real events that elicited positive or negative emotions. After watching each cartoon clip, the children were asked whether they thought that the event could actually occur in real life. The results indicate that for real events, the children’s distinction accuracy of positive events was higher than their accuracy of negative events. In study 2, 90 3- to 5-year-old children were shown 16 animations with liveaction segments of fantastic and real events that elicited positive or negative emotions. Again, for real events, the children’s distinction accuracy of positive events was higher than their accuracy of negative events. However, in contrast to the results of study 1, the 3-year-old children scored significantly higher for negative fantastic events than positive fantastic events, while the effects of the emotional content of the events were not significant among the children aged 4 and 5 years. By comparing study 1 and study 2, we found that when only fantastic events were considered, 3-year-olds are better at identifying positive events in cartoons than in live-action animations. The opposite happens when fantasy events are considered.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Recent years have seen an explosive growth in the phenomenon of people visiting locations from popular novels, films or television series. Places of the Imagination presents a timely and insightful ...analysis of this form of media tourism, exploring the question of how best to explain the increasing popularity of media tourism within contemporary culture. Drawing on extensive empirical and interview material, this book examines the representation of landscapes in popular narratives that have inspired media tourism, whilst also investigating the effects over time of such tourism on local landscapes, and the processes by which tourists appropriate the landscape, experiencing and accommodating them into their imagination. Oriented around three central case studies of popular television detective shows, famous films and classic literature, Places of the Imagination develops a new theoretical understanding of media tourism. As such, it will appeal to sociologists and cultural geographers, as well as those working in the fields of media and cultural studies, popular and fan culture, tourism and the sociology of leisure.
According to the law of the European Union (EU), broadcasters are obligated to inform consumers about the presence of product placements (PP) through disclosures. To ascertain whether disclosures are ...able to improve consumers' understanding of persuasive intent, researchers have examined the impact of multiple disclosure presentations. This can be attributed to the fact that all EU Member States currently apply a variety of different disclosures. No study so far, however, has assessed how PP disclosures are implemented across the EU and whether PP disclosures investigated in advertising research relate to disclosures used in practice. In the present study, we thus conducted both a systematic assessment of practical disclosures of leading EU broadcasters and a comparison of the current practical disclosure presentations with the empirically tested versions. Results revealed that especially brand-unspecific and repetitive disclosures are under-investigated forms of disclosures although commonly used in practice. Implications for both science and policy, and future research are discussed.
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The Wheel of Time Boyd, Nolan
Femspec,
01/2022, Volume:
22, Issue:
1
Journal Article, Book Review
Peer reviewed
The Wheel of Time serves as the first of Amazon's two massive-budget television series seeking to fill the void left by the cultural phenomenon that was HBO's Game of Thrones, the other being the ...upcoming The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power. To be fair, the production of Season One was fraught with unavoidable difficulties that necessitated changes to the final two episodes, as production was shut down due to COVID-19 after only the first six episodes had been filmed, and new restrictions on filming imposed when production resumed meant that the show had lost access to certain filming locations and could not bring in large groups of extras for the climactic battle scene in the final episode. Despite the first season having eight one-hour long episodes - four times the length of a feature film - the season does struggle a bit to contain the plot of The Eye of the World, often feeling rushed, which only serves to indicate that narrative condensation will accelerate in future seasons, as we still have 13 books to go (showrunner Rafe Judkins has indicated that he has mapped out the series to last for eight seasons, the same number as Game of Thrones). While comparisons between The Wheel of Time and the upcoming The Lord of the Rings TV series - the first season of which is reputed to be the most expensive season of television ever created - will be inevitable after the release of the latter, fantasy fans who want a story balanced between the violence and political intrigue of Game of Thrones and the classical fantasy template created by Tolkien should check out The Wheel of Time, which incorporates elements of both those polarities of the fantasy literature spectrum in a thrilling, character-driven tale of magic and adventure.
A recent study of ethnic diversity in Australia's television news showed that diversity of race, culture and religion is largely absent from the news services, unless people from ethnic minorities ...are posing a social problem of some kind. A parallel study of Australia's nightly current affairs programs has yielded similar results: like news, they represent Australia as an ‘Anglo’ nation. When ethnic minorities are featured, they tend to occupy peripheral roles, and where they are allowed a central role, it is usually to be shown as threatening and menacing to the Anglo mainstream. The industry codes of practice explicitly state the standards that should apply in reporting on race, culture and religion, yet only the public broadcaster, the ABC, follows the guidelines in the representation of diversity. The reporting practices on the commercial stations deliberately or unwittingly encourage a sense of racial hierarchy in which the Anglo dominates.
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Previous research has presented varying perspectives on the potential effect of screen media use among preschoolers. In this study, we systematically reviewed experimental studies that investigated ...how pacing and fantasy features of TV programs affect children's attention and executive functions (EFs).
A systematic search was conducted across eight online databases to identify pertinent studies published until August 2023. We followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines.
Fifteen papers involving 1855 participants aged 2-7 years fulfilled all the inclusion criteria for this review and were entered into the narrative synthesis. Despite the challenge of reaching general conclusions and encountering conflicting outcomes, a nuanced analysis reveals distinct patterns within various subgroups. The impact of pacing on attention is discernible, particularly in bottom-up attention processes, although the nature of this effect remains contradictory. Conversely, consistent findings emerge regarding top-down attention, suggesting any impact. Moreover, a subgroup analysis of different EF components yields valuable insights, highlighting the negative effect of fantasy on inhibitory control within the EF framework.
The complexity of these outcomes highlights the need for further research, considering factors such as content, child-specific characteristics, environmental factors, and methodological approaches. These findings collectively emphasize the necessity of conducting more comprehensive and detailed research, especially in terms of the underlying mechanisms and their impact on brain function.
El periodismo cinematográfico televisivo ha disminuido en las últimas décadas, a pesar de la multiplicación de canales. Esto sucede en el conjunto de los canales generalistas españoles salvo los ...canales del ente público RTVE, donde este tipo de contenidos se resisten a la extinción. En el resto de canales, el periodismo cinematográfico ha derivado en la publicitación de las cintas que producen sus propios conglomerados mediáticos.
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