Many non-profit recreation, parks and tourism organizations utilize volunteers. To attract and retain volunteers, these organizations must discover why volunteers donate time. This study used ...means-end theory to examine the attributes, consequences and values associated with volunteering for the San Luis Obispo (SLO) County Special Olympics as well as the volunteer demographics. Study participants included 55 volunteers who were asked demographic and open-ended questions during interviews at sporting and training events. Results showed most volunteers were parents of an athlete in the program and either had been involved in the program for less than a year and donated less than 60 hours per year, or had been involved for more than 5 years and donated hundreds of hours per year. Many individuals volunteer so their child athlete will receive the benefits of sport, including increased social contact for their child, which leads them to believe their child will have warm relations with others and have a sense of belonging which leads to having increased self-confidence, leading to the athlete enjoying their life more. Parents perceive that their child athlete receives these benefits of sport and this perception in turn generates a positive effect on the parent.
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“It is a milestone in subaltern studies, a biographical journey penned by a living relic of the indentured experience and a scholar whose thoroughly interdisciplinary approach is a good example for ...the anthropologist, the sociologist or the economist who wish to see the proper integration of their disciplines in a major historical work.” Brinsley Samaroo, University of the West Indies, St Augustine Campus, Trinidad “Professor Lal has made a most distinguished contribution to scholarship on Indian indentured labour in Fiji. His research is characterised by the use of new methodological approaches to the study of history, and by a comprehensive consideration of both quantitative and literary sources. In beautifully written articles, he has arrived at fresh and novel findings.” Ralph Shlomowitz, Flinders University of South Australia “Professor Lal has produced a body of work which makes him the premier scholar of the Indian diaspora. His meticulous research, the depth of scholarship, the empathy, and the elegance have earned him great respect among Indian diaspora scholars. The themes covered in this book are relevant to other overseas Indian communities; and they are handled with such mastery that his reputation is secured.” Clem Seecharan, University of North London “Brij Lal’s Chalo Jahaji is an intensely personal journey through his life and that of the 60,000 Indians who became girmitiyas in Fiji. The intricate history is measured, but Lal reveals himself and his family in a way historians seldom do. This proud grandson of a girmitiya is equally a proud son of Fiji. Chalo Jahaji is Pacific history at its best: rigorous and critical, informative and involved.” Clive Moore, University of Queensland
Le financement à court terme est le parent pauvre de la théorie financière. Pourtant, les moyennes entreprises françaises utilisent fortement ce financement. Ce travail a pour objectif d’analyser les ...déterminants du financement à court terme pour ces entreprises. La première partie vise à établir une revue de littérature des théories permettant d’expliquer l’utilisation du financement à court terme. La deuxième partie vient tester empiriquement ces théories sur deux échantillons, à savoir 201 entreprises familiales et 1 453 entreprises managériales. Il s’agit, d’une part, de caractériser les moyennes entreprises non cotées et d’autres part, de mettre en évidence les déterminants à l’utilisation de financement à court terme. Les principaux résultats indiquent que le financement à court terme est un outil de gestion au service de la moyenne entreprise. Il peut aussi assumer deux rôles, un compensatoire et/ou un de trésorerie passive. Par ailleurs, on met en évidence que les entreprises managériales et familiales exploitent différemment le financement à court terme.
Short-term financing is forgotten by theory of corporate finance. However, French medium-sized firms use a lot this source of funding. The objective of this thesis is to analyze the determinants of short-term financing for these firms. The first part aims to establish a literature review of theories to explain the use of short-term financing. The second part empirically checks these theories on two samples, specifically 201 family businesses and 1,453 managerial firms. On the one hand, it is a question of characterizing the unlisted medium-sized enterprises and on the other hand, highlighting the determinants of the use of short-term financing. The primary results indicate that short-term financing is a management tool for the medium-sized enterprise. It can also have two functions, one compensatory and / or one passive cash. Furthermore, it brings out that managerial and family businesses exploit short-term financing differently.
In an adverse-selection context, we use an experimental protocol to study the intensity and efficiency of a control policy as filtering instrument in the long-term financing relationship between an ...investor (principal) and an entrepreneur (agent). We find three control effects : a disciplining effect, an educative effect, and a filtering effect. While the first is expected, the educative effect of control gives way to a crowding-out effect already observed in other tests but in a moral-hazard context. Lastly, our experiment shows that the principal restores a filtering effect through a trade-off between control efficiency and control intensity : it is better to control little in order to detect a little, rather than control a lot and detect nothing.
Dans un contexte de sélection contraire, il est étudié, à partir d’un protocole expérimental, l’intensité et l'efficacité d’une politique de contrôle comme instrument de filtrage dans la relation de financement de long terme entre un investisseur (Principal) et un entrepreneur (Agent). Trois effets du contrôle sont mis en évidence : disciplinant, éducateur et filtrant. Alors que le premier effet est attendu, l’effet éducateur du contrôle laisse la place à un effet d’éviction déjà observé dans d’autres expérimentations mais dans un contexte d’aléa moral. Enfin, l’expérimentation fait ressortir que le principal restaure un effet de filtrage en arbitrant entre l’efficacité et l’intensité du contrôle : il est préférable de contrôler peu pour détecter un peu plutôt que de contrôler beaucoup pour ne rien détecter.
The research programs at the CEA in the field of safety in nuclear reactors are carried out in a framework of international partnerships. Their purpose is to develop studies on:–The methods allowing ...for the determination of earthquake hazards and their consequences;–The behaviour of fuel in an accident situation;–The comprehension of deflagration and detonation phenomena of hydrogen and the search for effective prevention methods involving an explosion risk;–The cooling of corium in order to stop its progression in and outside the vessel thereby reducing the risk of perforating the basemat;–The behaviour of the different fission product families according to their volatility for the UO2 and MOX fuels.
Les programmes de recherches du CEA dans le domaine de la sûreté des réacteurs nucléaires sont conduits dans le cadre dʼun fort partenariat international. Ceux-ci visent à développer les études sur :–Les méthodes permettant la détermination des aléas sismiques et de leurs conséquences ;–Le comportement du combustible en situation accidentelle ;–La compréhension des phénomènes de déflagration et de détonation de lʼhydrogène et la recherche de méthodes de prévention du risque dʼexplosion ;–Le refroidissement du corium visant à arrêter sa progression en cuve et hors cuve réduisant ainsi le risque de percement du radier ;–Le comportement des différentes familles de produit de fission selon leur volatilité pour les combustibles UO2 et MOX.
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En Guadeloupe, actuellement, 5,92% de la demande en énergie électrique sont couverts par la filière photovoltaïque et 3,14% par la filière éolienne soit 9,06% pour leur production cumulée selon le ...bilan 2015 de l’OREC (Observatoire Régional de l’Energie et du Climat). Selon le plan énergétique régional de prospection, la production cumulée du photovoltaïque et de l’éolien devrait représenter 14% du mix électrique en 2020 et 18% en 2030. Pour atteindre les 14% du mix électrique d’ici les cinq prochaines années, il va donc falloir entre autres, améliorer la prédictibilité pour un développement à un rythme soutenu de ces énergies. Ces travaux de recherches ont consisté à apporter de nouveaux résultats de performance de prévision de l’ensoleillement global à court terme et à donner une connaissance plus fine de la ressource sur trois stations en Guadeloupe. L’étude est basée sur une analyse et un modèle de prévision de l’ensoleillement, faisant intervenir des paramètres spatiaux et temporels. La littérature montre qu’un important nombre de sites est en général utilisé pour une analyse spatio-temporelle, ce qui impliquerait pour nous, de poser de multiples capteurs sur l’ensemble du territoire. Les coûts d’un tel système seraient considérables. Notre approche ici consistera à effectuer une analyse spatio-temporelle sur trois stations. Avec peu de stations et des distances non uniformes nous avons donc cherché à développer un modèle de prévision de l’ensoleillement à court terme en dépit de ces contraintes qui ne répondent pas à une approche classique. Le modèle est basé sur une méthodologie VAR (Vecteur Autorégressif) incluant des paramètres spatiaux et temporels. Une stratégie de sélection des variables est développée afin de sélectionner les prédicteurs (stations) utiles pour la prévision sur une localisation. Cette stratégie itérative permettra d’une part d’être plus proche de la réalité, d’autre part d’un point de vue algorithmique, la tendance des calculs sera plus rapide. En amont du développement du modèle, une étude de la variabilité spatio-temporelle de l’ensoleillement a permis de quantifier et caractériser de manière fine, les interactions dynamiques entre ces trois stations. Par comparaison avec les modèles de la littérature, notre modèle de prévision montre une bonne performance avec des valeurs de RMSE relative allant de 17,48% à 23,79% pour des horizons de prévisions de 5 min à 1h. Les méthodologies développées pourraient à terme offrir une opportunité d’assurer des garanties au gestionnaire du réseau. Si d'avenir des solutions de prévision performantes se généralisaient, cette opportunité permettrait d’ouvrir le marché au-delà du seuil de 30% imposé actuellement.
Currently in Guadeloupe, there is 5,92 % of the electric power request covered by the photovoltaic sector and 3,14 % by the wind sector which represents 9,06 % for their accumulated production, according to the OREC report (Regional Monitoring center of Energy and Climate). According to the regional energy plan, the accumulated production of the photovoltaic and the wind energy should represent 14 % of the electric mix in 2020 and 18 % in 2030. To reach the 14 % of the electric mix within the next five years, we need, among other things, to improve forecast for a sustained development of these energies. These research works consisted in bringing new performance results of short-term forecast of the global solar radiation and in giving a finer knowledge of the resource onto three stations in Guadeloupe. The study is based on an analysis and a forecast model of global solar radiation, by including spatial and temporal parameters. The literature shows that an important number of sites is generally used for a spatio-temporal analysis, which would imply for us, to put multiple sensors on the whole territory. The costs of such a system would be considerable. Our approach here will consist in making a spatiotemporal analysis on three stations. With few stations and not uniform distances, we, thus, tried to define a short-term forecast model of global solar radiation, in spite of these constraints which do not answer to a classic approach. The model is based on a methodology the VAR ( Autoregressive Vector) including spatial and temporal parameters. A strategy of selection of variables is developed to select useful predictors (stations) for the forecast on localization. This iterative strategy, on one hand will allow being closer to the reality, on the other hand to the point of algorithmic view, the trend of the calculations will be faster. Preliminarily, a study of the spatiotemporal variability of global solar radiation, allowed to quantify and to characterize in a fine way, the dynamic interactions between these three stations. Compared with the models of the literature, our forecast model shows a good performance with relative RMSE values going from 17.48 % to 23.79 % for horizons from 5 min to 1 hour. The developed methodologies could eventually offer an opportunity to assure guarantees to the network manager. If in the future the successful solutions of forecast became widespread, this opportunity would allow the opening of the market beyond the 30 % threshold imposed at present.
Visita alle terme monumentali della cittadina termale
1 - ospiti delle terme bevono dai loro bicchieri l'acqua curativa
2 - villeggianti a passeggio per il viale Giuseppe Verdi
3 - facciata delle ...terme Leopoldine, passaggio di carrozze a cavalli
4 - il cortile delle Terme leopoldine e la fontana con getto di acqua sorgiva
5 - lo stabilimento Excelsior
6 - stabilimento dell'acqua Tettuccio
7 - la facciata monumentale e folla di frequentatori
8 - strade e viali di Montecatini
9 - la fonte delle Tamerici con ospiti nei giardini, seduti ai tavolini
10 - lo stabilimento della Torretta con ospiti a passeggio nei viali alberati
11 - inservienti prendono acqua alla fontana di mescita
12 - lo stabilimento Regina con ospiti a passeggio e suduti sulle panchine
13 - inserviente consegna bicchiere ai clienti e successivamente glieli riempiono
14 - gli ospiti a passeggio nel verde del parco
15 - particolari della struttura architettonica delle terme; la cupola, il cortile centrale con colonnato affollato di ospiti
16 - l'ampio scalone e l'atrio delle maioliche affollato
17 - grande sala con ampie vasche dove viene congelata l'acqua che alcuni inservienti raccolgono
18 - procedimento di imbottigliamento, etichettatura
15 - details of the architectural structure of the spas; the dome, the central courtyard with colonnade crowded with guests
11 - attendants take water at the mescita fountain
13 - attendant glass delivery to customers and subsequently fill them.
3 - facade of the Leopoldine baths, passage of carriages to horses
17 - large hall with large tanks where the water that some attendants collect is frozen
4 - the courtyard of the leopoldine spas and the fountain with jet of spring water
2 - walking holiday for Giuseppe Verdi Avenue
7 - the monumental façade and crowd of visitors
9 - the source of the tamerics with guests in the gardens, sitting at the tables
Visit to the monumental spa of the spa town
1 - spa guests drink healing water from their glasses
8 - streets and boulevards of Montecatini
6 - roof water establishment
5 - the Excelsior plant
14 - walking guests in the green of the park
16 - the large staircase and the pig atrium crowded
10 - the turret establishment with walking guests in the tree-lined avenues
12 - the Regina establishment with walking and sweating guests on the benches
18 - bottling procedure, labeling
The book explores the historical dimension of Indian indenture from within the lived experience of laborers, who emigrated to Fiji from colonial India a century ago. As these laborers are no longer ...alive, one could argue that the experience of indenture is no longer accessible, if there had not been recordings of the laborers' life narratives. It is seven of these audio recordings, made for public broadcast, which form the data for a fine-grained language-analysis to unearth the life-world of indenture. Through the merging of Labov's high-point analysis with Bamberg's positioning analysis, the book focuses on the situated discursive performativity of identities, and draws attention to the complex and at times conflicting positions within the life narratives. Sorting through those positions resulted in the ultimate challenge to the essentially homogenizing current master narrative discourse on who can be classified as an indentured laborer, and what signifies as an indenture experience.
The article presents trends and an outlook for the forest sector, for Europe and Switzerland, from 1913 to 2030. The first half of the twentieth century saw over-use of European forests, but in the ...second half, the situation changed: consumption of forest products increased, while forests expanded, growing stock rose and Europe became a net exporter of timber. Official scenarios foresee a continuation of these trends in the twenty-first century. Yet, to this end, the forest sector must stay competitive. For example, mobilising enough energy wood, on a sustainable basis, is a major challenge for the sector. The forest sector has demonstrated in the past its flexibility and adaptability, and so could be well placed to lead the way towards the green economy.
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