Industry and Revolution Gómez-Galvarriato, Aurora
2013, 2013-06-18, 2013-05-01, Volume:
182
eBook
Industrial workers, not just peasants, played an essential role in the Mexican Revolution. Tracing the introduction of mechanized industry into the Orizaba Valley, Aurora Gómez-Galvarriato argues ...convincingly that the revolution cannot be understood apart from the Industrial Revolution, and thus provides a fresh perspective on both transformations.
Today's world textile and garment trade is valued at a staggering $425 billion. We are told that under the pressure of increasing globalisation, it is India and China that are the new world ...manufacturing powerhouses. However, this is not a new phenomenon: until the industrial revolution, Asia manufactured great quantities of colourful printed cottons that were sold to places as far afield as Japan, West Africa and Europe. Cotton explores this earlier globalised economy and its transformation after 1750 as cotton led the way in the industrialisation of Europe. By the early nineteenth century, India, China and the Ottoman Empire switched from world producers to buyers of European cotton textiles, a position that they retained for over two hundred years. This is a fascinating and insightful story which ranges from Asian and European technologies and African slavery to cotton plantations in the Americas and consumer desires across the globe.
In recent decades, the decline of traditional manufacturing--deindustrialization--has been one of the most significant aspects of the restructuring of the American economy. David Koistinen examines ...the demise of the New England textile industry from the 1920s through the 1980s to better understand the process of industrial decline.
He systematically explores three policy responses to deindustrialization, each backed by a distinct set of interest groups: cutbacks in government regulations and business taxes, demanded by existing manufacturers; federal intervention to support New England's failing textile makers, urged by organized labor; and efforts to develop new industries and employment in the region, sought by service-sector companies and others.
Confronting Decline offers an in-depth look at the process of deindustrialization over time and shows how this pattern repeats itself throughout the country and the world.
This book charts the history of artisan production and marketing in the Bombay Presidency from 1870 to 1960. While the textile mills of western India's biggest cities have been the subject of many ...rich studies, the role of artisan producers located in the region's small towns have been virtually ignored. Based upon extensive archival research as well as numerous interviews with participants in the handloom and powerloom industries, this book explores the role of weavers, merchants, consumers and laborers in the making of what the author calls 'small-town capitalism'. By focusing on the politics of negotiation and resistance in local workshops, the book challenges conventional narratives of industrial change. The book provides the first in-depth work on the origins of powerloom manufacture in South Asia. It affords unique insights into the social and economic experience of small-town artisans as well as the informal economy of late colonial and early post-independence India.
The textile sector is 14% of total industrial production in India and contributes to about 4% of the gross domestic product and earns about 27% of India's total foreign exchange. Worldwide, up to ...10,000 dyes are available and their annual production is above 7 × 10
5
metric tons, which are being used not only in textile sector but also applied in paper, food and pharmaceutical industries. Textile industries in India have been consuming more than 100 L of water to process 1 kg of textiles, and have contributed heavily in polluting surface and ground water resources in many regions of the country. The toxic and carcinogenic effect of untreated textile effluent is well understood. The decolorization and detoxification of industrial dye effluents is most important aspect and is major concern to meet environmental regulations. This paper presents a review of literature on the significance of bioremediation technologies over other physico-chemical methods for efficient removal of textile dyes from industrial waste effluents to improve the fragile ecosystems in different regions of the world.
The present review paper (a) symbolizes the applications of existing conventional physical and chemical approaches for the decolorization/degradation of textile dyes, (b) describes their merits and demerits, (c) emphasizes on the existing literature on microbial decolorization of textile dyes precisely by using bacteria (aerobic and anaerobic conditions), fungi and algae, and (d) involvement of various enzymes from different biological sources for the decolorization of various textile dyes and their mechanism of action.
Over the years, researchers have developed several bioremediation technologies to treat textile effluents, but little effort has been made to put the entire literature review of these technologies in one refereed paper, our review paper is an attempt to compile the existing information on various treatment technologies of textile effluent, so that these technologies can be shared widely for site specific situations.
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Textiles in the Pacific, 1500-1900 brings together 13 articles which include both classics and lesser-known but important works related to the trade and production of textiles in the Pacific region, ...extending from the tip of Northeast Asia to the other end of South America and Australia. Collectively these articles bring out two central themes, as highlighted in the introduction. First, there is the leading role of textiles in linking up the economies across the Pacific in the era before the 19th-century rise of steam-engine-powered global integration. Second is the crucial role of textile manufacturing and trade in the early stage of industrialization for most of the developing Pacific economies after the 19th century. The volume also reflects both revolutionary shifts in paradigms and revisions of traditional consensus, and seeks to present a more balanced account of global trade and market integration in the early modern period.
Contents: Introduction. Part I Silk across the Pacific: The great silk exchange: how the world was connected and developed, Debin Ma; Silk for silver: Manila-Macao trade in the 17th century, Dennis O. Flynn and Arturo Giráldez; The mechanics of the Macao-Nagasaki silk trade, Michael Cooper; Silk raising in colonial Mexico: preliminary schemes, the decline of silk raising, Woodrow Borah; Silk culture in California, E.O. Essig. Part II Flows of Technology and Institution: East and West: Pre-modern European silk technology and East Asia: who imported what?, Claudio Zanier; Silk-reeling in modern East Asia: internationalization and ramifications of local adaptation: in the late 19th century, Kazuko Furuta; Transplantation of the European factory system and adaptations in Japan: the experience of the Tomioka model filature, Yukihiko Kiyokawa. Part III Cotton and Cloth along the Pacific: The cloth trade in Jambi and Palembang society during the 17th and 18th centuries, Barbara Watson Andaya; Textile displacement and the status of women in Southeast Asia, Norman Owen; Inchon trade: Japanese and Chinese merchants and the Shanghai network, Kazuko Furuta; Industrial concentration and the capital markets: a comparative study of Brazil, Mexico, and the United States, 1830-1930, Stephen H. Haber. Part 4 Wool in Australia: A century and a half of wool marketing, A. Barnard. Index.
Debin Ma is a Fellow in the Graduate Program of the Foundation for Advanced Studies on International Development, and Associate Professor at the National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, Tokyo, Japan.
The various wastes generated by silkworm silk textiles that are no longer in use are increasing, which is causing considerable waste and contamination. This issue has attracted widespread attention ...in countries that use a lot of silk. Therefore, enhancing the mechanical properties of regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) and enriching the function of silk are important directions to expand the comprehensive utilization of silk products. In this paper, the preparation of RSF/Alsub.2Osub.3 nanoparticles (NPs) hybrid fiber with different Alsub.2Osub.3 NPs contents by wet spinning and its novel performance are reported. It was found that the RSF/Alsub.2Osub.3 NPs hybrid fiber was a multifunctional fiber material with thermal insulation and UV resistance. Natural light tests showed that the temperature rise rate of RSF/Alsub.2Osub.3 NPs hybrid fibers was slower than that of RSF fibers, and the average temperature rose from 29.1 °C to about 35.4 °C in 15 min, while RSF fibers could rise to about 40.1 °C. UV absorption tests showed that the hybrid fiber was resistant to UV radiation. Furthermore, the addition of Alsub.2Osub.3 NPs may improve the mechanical properties of the hybrid fibers. This was because the blending of Alsub.2Osub.3 NPs promoted the self-assembly of β-sheets in the RSF reaction mixture in a dose-dependent manner, which was manifested as the RSF/Alsub.2Osub.3 NPs hybrid fibers had more β-sheets, crystallinity, and a smaller crystal size. In addition, RSF/Alsub.2Osub.3 NPs hybrid fibers had good biocompatibility and durability in micro-alkaline sweat environments. The above performance makes the RSF/Alsub.2Osub.3 NPs hybrid fibers promising candidates for application in heat-insulating and UV-resistant fabrics as well as military clothing.
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Greater emphasis needs to be placed on research into eco-friendly processes particularly suited for the textile industry. With this goal in mind, all environmental aspects relating to the textile and ...clothing industry are discussed in this book. Included in the 11 informative chapters herein are topics covering the correlation between the environment and the processing and utilization of textiles and clothing. Chapter 1 discusses the direct impact that the textile industry has on the environment. The hazardous environmental consequences that synthetic dyes used to color textiles have on the environment are highlighted in Chapter 2. Greener alternatives to dyeing are discussed in Chapters 3 through 5, and eco-friendly ways of finishing textiles are discussed in Chapters 6 and 7. Finally, solutions to address the environmental hazards associated with the textile industry are presented in Chapters 8 through 11.
Natural dyes have been used from ancient times for multiple purposes, most importantly in the field of textile dying. The increasing demand and excessive costs of natural dye extraction engendered ...the discovery of synthetic dyes from petrochemical compounds. Nowadays, they are dominating the textile market, with nearly 8 × 105 tons produced per year due to their wide range of color pigments and consistent coloration. Textile industries consume huge amounts of water in the dyeing processes, making it hard to treat the enormous quantities of this hazardous wastewater. Thus, they have harmful impacts when discharged in non-treated or partially treated forms in the environment (air, soil, plants and water), causing several human diseases. In the present work we focused on synthetic dyes. We started by studying their classification which depended on the nature of the manufactured fiber (cellulose, protein and synthetic fiber dyes). Then, we mentioned the characteristics of synthetic dyes, however, we focused more on their negative impacts on the ecosystem (soil, plants, water and air) and on humans. Lastly, we discussed the applied physical, chemical and biological strategies solely or in combination for textile dye wastewater treatments. Additionally, we described the newly established nanotechnology which achieves complete discharge decontamination.
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