This paper deals with experience about the research project development with industry for the solution of specific problem. Nowadays most of higher educational institutions are particularly ...interested in implementing joint projects with industry, sharing experiences and resources to jointly develop new technologies and innovative products. In the University of Latvia within the framework of an effective collaboration projects program, a mutually beneficial shared cost system for the needs of scientists and businessmens is possible for solving the tasks of the both partners. Joint Stock Company Latvias State Forests were interested in development of an automatic volume measurement of logs and wood chip loads on trucks. To solve this problem, a methodology and a technological solution are needed to allow remotely perform volumetric surveys and monitoring. It is significant with the intense development of forest and logging industry. The system consists of measurement arch with video cameras and IT solution - video processing and analysis software, a graphical user interface, data communication channels and storage systems. Video information is obtained from cameras that simultaneously acquire raw data from the object of the video processing area - both sides and top. The information is transmitted to the external systems via data communication channels. The system will be used for automated volume measurement because in Latvia this process is currently performed by persons who manually measure loaded logs or wood chips on the trucks.
The methodology presented here can assist in making timber markets more efficient when assessing the value of harvestable timber stands and the amounts of timber assortments during the planning of ...harvesting operations. Information on wood quality and timber assortments is essential for wood valuation and procurement planning as varying wood dimensions and qualities may be utilized and refined in different places, including sawmills, plywood mills, pulp mills, heating plants or combined heat and power plants. We investigate here alternative approaches for generating detailed timber assortments for Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and birch (Betula spp.) from airborne laser scanning (ALS) data, aerial images, harvester data and field data. For this purpose, we used 665 circular plots, and logging recovery information recorded from 249 clear-cut stands using cut-to-length harvesters. We estimated timber assortment volumes, economic values and wood paying capabilities (WPC) for each stand in different bucking scenarios, and used the resulting timber assortment estimates to assess logging recoveries. The bucking scenarios were (1) bucking-to-value using maximum sawlog and pulpwood volumes excluding quality (theoretical maximum), and (2) bucking-to-value using sawlog lengths at 30 cm intervals for Norway spruce and Scots pine and veneer logs of lengths 4.7 m, 5.0 m, 6.0 m and 6.7 m for birch, either excluding quality (the usual business practice) or including quality (a novel business practice). The results showed that our procedure can assist in locating stands that are likely to be more valuable and have the desired timber assortment distributions. We conclude that the method can estimate WPC with root mean square errors of 28.7%, 66.0% and 45.7% in Norway spruce, Scots pine and birch, respectively, for sawlogs and 19.3%, 63.7% and 29.5% for pulpwood.
This article discusses the production potential (and limits) of the forests in the Czech Republic (CR). The calculation respects ecological limits set by typological system and the Czech forestry ...legislation. The key criterion of the production evaluation is the total mean increment. Usually, a forest owner can choose amongst several variants of management. The analysis in this work examines the two limit variants – the minimum and maximum production potential. The results show that, e.g., the Norway spruce share might be 19 to 48% of the total area of Czech forests (51.4% at present). The target management the owners opt for (Norway spruce, pine, oak, and beech) can, in the future, influence the timber processing industry, the main purchaser of timber raw material from Czech forests. The maximum variant shows 9,134 thousand m3 of available coniferous round timber, while the minimum one only 3,802 thousand m3 per year. Therefore, the timber processing industry should keep a close watch on the situation and either try to persuade forest owners to choose the alternative of the target management that would provide sufficient assortment for timber processing, or adjust the manufacture to the possible changes in the species composition of the forests.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The supply chain of the forest industry has increasingly been adjusted to the customerâs needs for precision and quality. This has changed the operative environment both in the forest and on the ...roads. As the total removal of timber is increasingly divided into more log assortments, the lot size of each assortment decreases and the time consumed in sorting the logs increases. In this respect, the extra assortments have made harvesting work more difficult and affected the productivity of both cutting and forest transport; this has thus increased the harvesting costs. An activity-based cost (ABC) management system is introduced for timber harvesting and long-distance transport, based on the cut-to-length (CTL) method, in which the logistic costs are assigned to timber assortments and lots. Supplying timber is divided into three main processes: cutting, forest transport, and long-distance transportation. An ABC system was formulated separately for each of these main operations. Costs were traced to individual stands and to timber assortment lots from a stand. The cost object of the system is thus a lot of timber that makes up one assortment that has been cut, forwarded, and transported from the forest to the mill. Application of the ABC principle to timber harvesting and trucking was found to be relatively easy. The method developed gives estimates that are realistic to actual figures paid to contractors. The foremost use for this type of costing method should be as a tool to calculate the efficiency of an individual activity or of the whole logistic system.
The authors report the results of experimental investigations about forest growth, yield and quality of timber assortments, carried out in Turkey oak high forest stands, grown after shelterwood ...cuttings applied on a wide forest area. The results, obtained after about 20 years of testing, relate to two different intensity of thinning "from below", compared with areas left to natural evolution. Moreover, some data are reported about the production of litter on a period immediately following the experimental fellings; finally, some comments are made on economic and financial results resulting from intermediate thinnings.
Several models and/or several variable combinations could be used to predict the diameter distribution of a stand. Typically, a fixed model and a fixed variable combination is used in all conditions. ...The calibration procedure, however, makes it possible to choose the measurement combination from among many possibilities, although the model used is fixed. In this study, the usefulness of utilizing additional stand characteristics for calibrating the predicted diameter distribution is examined. Nine measurement strategies were tested in predicting the total stand volume, sawlog volume and pulpwood volume. The observed errors of these variables under each strategy were modeled as a function of basal area, basal area median diameter and number of stems. The models were estimated in three steps. First, an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model was fitted to the observed errors. Then, a variance function was estimated using the OLS residuals. Finally, a weighted Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) analysis was used to model the observed errors, using the estimated variance functions as weights. The estimated models can be used to anticipate the precision and accuracy of predicted volume characteristics for each stand with different variable combinations and, consequently, to choose the best measurement combination in different stands.
Članak se bavi prognoziranjem prodajnih cijena sortimenata obične bukve (Fagus sylvatica L.) i obične jele (Abies alba Mill.). Istraživanje se odnosi na studij slučaja Šumarije Brinje u Republici ...Hrvatskoj i obuhvaća buduće vremensko razdoblje od 140 godina (počevši od 2013.). U istraživanju je prikupljena baza podataka o ostvarenim prodajnim cijenama sortimenata drva u razdoblju 1997. – 2013. Na temelju statističke analize ostvarenih prodajnih cijena u prošlosti te primjenom metode Monte Carlo, napravljena je simulacija budućih cijena s 500, 100, 50 i 30 simulacijskih ponavljanja. Rezultat ovog istraživanja svojevrsna je metodološka podloga za buduće ekonomsko planiranje gospodarenja šumama Šumarije Brinje, kao i za ostale studije slučaja sličnih šumskogospodarskih obilježja. Iako se cijene sortimenata drva odnose na Republiku Hrvatsku, prikazana se metodologija može primijeniti i u ostalim državama.
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