Micro/nanorobots represent a new generation of micromachines that can accomplish various tasks, such as loading and transporting specific targets or pharmaceuticals for a given application. Biohybrid ...robots consisting of biological cells (bacteria, sperm, and microalgae) combined with inorganic particles to control or propel their movement are of particular interest. The skeleton of these biohybrid robots can be used to load biomolecules. In this work, the authors create biohybrid robots based on tomato plants by coculturing ferromagnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) with tomato callus cells. The tomato‐based biohybrid robots (Tomato‐Biobots) containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles are driven by a transversely rotating magnetic field. In addition, biohybrid robots are used to load vitamin C, to generate clones of tomato cells. It is shown that the presence of Fe3O4 does not affect the growth of tomato callus. This study opens a wide range of possibilities for the use of biohybrid robots@Fe3O4 to deliver conventional agrochemicals, including fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides, and allows for a gradual and sustained release of nutrients and agrochemicals, leading to precise dosing that reduces the amount of agrochemicals used. This conceptually new type of micromachine with application to plants and agronomy shall find broad use in this field.
Here, biohybrid robots based on tomato plants by coculturing ferromagnetic nanoparticles with tomato callus cells are generated. These “Tomato‐Biobots” are driven by a transversely rotating magnetic field. In addition, they are used as drug carrier to load vitamin C, to cultivate tomato callus clones from themselves.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The all-red
A. arguta
(
Actinidia arguta
) is an anthocyanin-rich and excellent hardy fruit. Many studies have focused on the green-fleshed
A. arguta
, and fewer studies have been conducted on the ...all-red
A. arguta
. Here we reported a regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol by using leaves of all-red
A. arguta
as explants. Aseptic seedling leaves of
A. arguta
were used as callus-inducing materials. MS medium supplemented with 0.3 mg·L
-1
2,4-D and 1.0 mg·L
-1
BA was the optimal medium for callus induction of leaves, and medium supplemented with 3 mg·L
-1
tZ and 0.5 mg·L
-1
IAA was optimal for adventitious shoot regeneration. The best proliferation medium for adventitious buds was MS + 1.0 mg·L
-1
BA + 0.3 mg·L
-1
NAA. The best rooting medium was 1/2MS + 0.7 mg·L
-1
IBA with a 100% rooting rate. For the red flesh hardy kiwi variety ‘Purpurna Saduwa’ (
A. arguta
var.
purpurea
), leaves are receptors for Agrobacterium (EHA105)-mediated transformation. The orthogonal experiment was used for the optimization of each genetic transformation parameter and the genetic transformation of the leaves was 21% under optimal conditions. Our study provides technical parameters for applying genetic resources and molecular breeding of kiwifruit with red flesh.
We report the direct synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) in polyethylene glycol (PEG) based solutions with efficient radical scavenging properties. Synthesis of CNPs in PEG demonstrated a ...concentration dependent (of PEG) redox activity characterized by UV−visible spectroscopy. PEGylated CNPs acted as efficient radical scavengers, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of CNPs synthesized in various concentration of PEG did not reduce compared to bare nanoceria. In addition to superoxide, PEGylated nanoceria demonstrated quenching of peroxide radicals as well. It was observed that the reaction with hydrogen peroxide leads to the formation of a charge transfer complex governed by the concentration of PEG. The stability of the charge transfer complex provides the tunable oxidation state of CNPs. The stability of this complex influences the regenerative capacity of the active 3+ oxidation state of CNPs. The cell viability as well as SOD activity of PEGylated CNPs is compared to those of bare CNPs, and the differences are outlined.
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► TNFα induced catabolic changes similar to human intervertebral disc degeneration. ► The metabolic shift induced by TNFα was sustained following removal. ► TNFα induced changes ...suggestive of cell senescence without affecting cell viability. ► Interventions are required to stimulate anabolism & increase cell proliferation.
This study examines the effect of TNFα on whole bovine intervertebral discs in organ culture and its association with changes characteristic of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) in order to inform future treatments to mitigate the chronic inflammatory state commonly found with painful IDD. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα contribute to disc pathology and are implicated in the catabolic phenotype associated with painful IDD. Whole bovine discs were cultured to examine cellular (anabolic/catabolic gene expression, cell viability and senescence using β-galactosidase) and structural (histology and aggrecan degradation) changes in response to TNFα treatment. Control or TNFα cultures were assessed at 7 and 21days; the 21day group also included a recovery group with 7days TNFα followed by 14days in basal media. TNFα induced catabolic and anti-anabolic shifts in the nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) at 7days and this persisted until 21days however cell viability was not affected. Data indicates that TNFα increased aggrecan degradation products and suggests increased β-galactosidase staining at 21days without any recovery. TNFα treatment of whole bovine discs for 7days induced changes similar to the degeneration processes that occur in human IDD: aggrecan degradation, increased catabolism, pro-inflammatory cytokines and nerve growth factor expression. TNFα significantly reduced anabolism in cultured IVDs and a possible mechanism may be associated with cell senescence. Results therefore suggest that successful treatments must promote anabolism and cell proliferation in addition to limiting inflammation.
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Virus interference is a phenomenon in which two viruses interact within a host, affecting the outcome of infection of at least one of such viruses. The effect of this event was first observed in the ...XVIII century and it was first recorded even before virology was recognized as a distinct science from microbiology. Studies on virus interference were mostly done in the decades between 1930 and 1960 in viruses infecting bacteria and different vertebrates. The systems included
in vivo
experiments and later, more refined assays were done using tissue and cell cultures. Many viruses involved in interference are pathogenic to humans or to economically important animals. Thus the phenomenon may be relevant to medicine and to animal production due to the possibility to use it as alternative to chemical therapies against virus infections to reduce the severity of disease/mortality caused by a superinfecting virus. Virus interference is defined as the host resistance to a superinfection caused by a pathogenic virus causing obvious signs of disease and/or mortality due to the action of an interfering virus abrogating the replication of the former virus. Different degrees of inhibition of the superinfecting virus can occur. Due to the emergence of novel pathogenic viruses in recent years, virus interference has recently been revisited using different pathogens and hosts, including commercially important farmed aquatic species. Here, some highly pathogenic viruses affecting farmed crustaceans can be affected by interference with other viruses. This review presents data on the history of virus interference in hosts including bacteria and animals, with emphasis on the known cases of virus interference in crustacean hosts.
Life Science Identifiers (LSIDs)
Escherichia coli
(Migula 1895) Castellani & Chalmers 1919
Aedes albopictus
(Skuse 1894)
Liocarcinus depurator
(Linnaeus 1758): urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:107387
Penaeus duorarum
(Burkenroad 1939): urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:158334
Carcinus maenas
(Linnaeus 1758): urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:107381
Macrobrachium rosenbergii
(De Man 1879): urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:220137
Penaeus vannamei
(Boone 1931): urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C30A0A50-E309-4E24-851D-01CF94D97F23
Penaeus monodon
(Fabricius 1798): urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3DD50D8B-01C2-48A7-B80D-9D9DD2E6F7AD
Penaeus stylirostris
(Stimpson 1874): urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:584982
Application of Biotechnology to Orchids Hossain, M. Musharof; Kant, Ravi; Van, Pham Thanh ...
Critical reviews in plant sciences,
03/2013, Volume:
32, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
This review provides an informative and broad overview of orchid biotechnology, addressing several important aspects such as molecular systematics, modern breeding, in vitro morphogenesis, protoplast ...culture, flowering control, flower color, somaclonal variation, orchid mycorrhiza, pathogen resistance, virus diagnosis and production of virus-free plants, functional genomics, genetic transformation, conservation biotechnology and pharmaceutical biotechnology. This resource will provide valuable insight to researchers who are involved in orchid biology and floriculture, using biotechnology to advance research objectives. Producing an improved orchid through biotechnology for industrial purposes or to serve as a model plant for pure and applied sciences is well within reach and many of the current techniques and systems are already employed at the commercial production level.
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17.
Maggots: Antimicrobial Stewards and Life Savers Trottier, Caitlin; Anwar, Shamsuddin; Baxter, Lisa ...
Annals of Internal Medicine: Clinical Cases,
01/2024, Volume:
3, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Fungal contamination of in vitro cultures of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is the major constraint to their initiation and maintenance. Different molecular approaches have been applied ...successfully to analyze both inter- and intraspecific variation among fungal species as well as determine their identity. This chapter describes step-by-step procedures of molecular identification of fungal contaminants by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) products of the most common fungal contaminants of date palm tissue culture. To begin with, samples of genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Epicoccum, and Penicillium were collected to isolate each fungal genus and extraction of genomic DNA. Polymerase chain reactions were accomplished by ITS primers (ITS1 and ITS4) for each fungal contaminant as well as for sequencing. Subsequently, they are analyzed by Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) search of ITS sequence to reveal the identity of each individual fungal contaminant species. The molecular identification herein is a rapid and reliable procedure to identify date palm fungal contaminants which is very important in their control and treatment.
Posterior capsule opacification (PCO), resulting from residual lens epithelial cell (LEC) epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), abnormal proliferation, and migration, is the most common ...complication of cataract surgery. A recent study determined that extracellular vesicles (EVs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate the EMT process during cutaneous wound healing and tumour metastasis. However, their underlying mechanism in PCO is unclear. In this study, we examined the secreted EVs from a scratch model in vitro. We found that the production of ROS was increased after mechanical injury, especially at the wound edge, and there was an increased viability of LECs, which can be blocked by diphenyleneiodonium, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor. Cell viability and migration were increased upon treatment with 1 μM H2O2, but significantly reduced when the concentration of H2O2 increased to 100 μM. Transwell assay showed that both post-surgery LECs and LECs treated with 1 μM H2O2 significantly induced the migration of normal LECs by EV secretion. Extraction and quantification of EVs derived from injured and H2O2-treated LECs showed a similar increase in production. Co-incubation of EVs from both injured and H2O2-treated LECs with normal LECs and organ-cultured mouse lenses activated EMT, which was attenuated by a ROS inhibitor. These results suggest that EVs participate in ROS-induced lens EMT, making EVs a potential target for treating PCO.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
An image analysis method based on RGB features for rapid estimation of the chlorophyll content of leaves of micropropagated strawberry plants (2 cultivars) was presented in the study. An algorithm ...describing the relationship between the absolute values of chlorophyll content and the colour components of a leaf image captured with a conventional scanner was developed and tested. The accuracy of the proposed method was compared with that of an optical greenness meters designed for assessing leaf chlorophyll content. The chlorophyll content in the strawberry leaves was correlated with the results of measurements recorded by the two optical meters (SPAD-502, CCM-200) and with RGB values of scans of these leaves. The highest values of correlation coefficients were obtained between the chemical analysis results and mean values of the red colour (R) of the scans. However, varietal differences were evident here, which indicates the need for individual calibrations. In the case of the green colour (G), the accuracy was slightly lower; however, no varietal differences were found, thus one calibration can be used for both cultivars. Three formulas: (R-G)/(R+G), (R-G)/(R+G+B), and R/(R+G+B) were selected and their relationship with the changes in chlorophyll content was tested. These variables did not explain the changes in chlorophyll content better than the variable R. The study confirmed the possibility of using the image capture method for the detection of chlorophyll status in strawberry plantlets cultured in vitro.
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