Poskusi gradnje islamskega verskega in kulturnega središča (džamije) v Ljubljani odpirajo veliko »glo- kalnih« teoretskih in praktičnih vprašanj. Težave pri uresničevanju multikulturnosti v domnevno ...odprtih, sekularnih družbah so običajno interpretirane kot manjše prehodne motnje, ki jih motivira še ne povsem presežen tradicionalni odpor do drugosti, drugačnosti. Besedilo podvomi v takšno interpretaci- jo in s predstavitvijo dveh primerov poskuša utemeljiti tezo, da odkriti in prikriti odpor do multikulturalizma, konkretno do gradnje »tujih« verskih objektov v slovenskem in tudi evropskem prostoru, odkriva globoko zakoreninjene arhetipske strahove, ki jih preprosti regulacijski repertoar, ki je na voljo v (post) modernih družbah, težko obvladuje.
Odličnost drže Cvetka HEDŽET TÓTH
Slavistična revija,
03/2006, Volume:
54, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Članek razpravlja o dilemah teorije v času po sesutju socializma boljševiškega izvora. Tako filozofija kot celotna humanistika sta soočeni z vprašanji, kako razlagati pojem napredka in zgodovine v t. ...i. postzgodovinski dobi, ki vrača teorijo na predkantovsko raven in s tem postaja prevladujoča kategorija toleranca. Klic nazaj k naravi kritično sooča ciklizem in linearizem, zato članek opozarja na pomembnost ohranjanja utopije in zmožnost utopičnega mišljenja, saj je že ideja humanistike same, zrasla v utopiji. Sodobni čas, ki pomeni renesanso etike oziroma etizacijo sveta, ne more zaobiti antropoloških temeljev utopične oz. anticipirajoče zavesti, ki je vedno tostranska, znotrajsvetna in kot taka ne dopušča onostranskega, absolutnega utemeljevanja, ohranja pa idejo nesmrtnosti.
Prispevek prinaša komentirani prevod publikacije Antoinea Bemetzriederja Le tolérantisme musical (1779). Njegov spis skozi diskusijo o treh glavnih glasbenih kulturah Evrope in prevladi ene ...(italijanske nad nemško in francosko) v enaki meri razkriva sociološke koordinate nacionalne identitete glasbe v 18. stoletju (in ponuja pragmatično »pravo rešitev« vprašanja nacionalne glasbe: postavitev nacionalne francoske opere) kakor tudi ponuja pomembne spoznavoslovne iztočnice raziskovanja glasbe, ki so tudi danes vredne upoštevanja. Komentarji k prevodu se nanašajo na spoznavoslovne iztočnice, puščajoč ob strani za ta spis sicer zgodovinsko pomembne vsebine.
Immune memory is a defining feature of the acquired immune system, but activation of the innate immune system can also result in enhanced responsiveness to subsequent triggers. This process has been ...termed 'trained immunity', a de facto innate immune memory. Research in the past decade has pointed to the broad benefits of trained immunity for host defence but has also suggested potentially detrimental outcomes in immune-mediated and chronic inflammatory diseases. Here we define 'trained immunity' as a biological process and discuss the innate stimuli and the epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming events that shape the induction of trained immunity.
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FZAB, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Resident Duty Hours Johns, Michael M. E; Wolman, Dianne Miller; Ulmer, Cheryl
National Academies Press,
04/2009
eBook, Book
Open access
Medical residents in hospitals are often required to be on duty for long hours. In 2003 the organization overseeing graduate medical education adopted common program requirements to restrict resident ...workweeks, including limits to an average of 80 hours over 4 weeks and the longest consecutive period of work to 30 hours in order to protect patients and residents from unsafe conditions resulting from excessive fatigue.
Resident Duty Hours provides a timely examination of how those requirements were implemented and their impact on safety, education, and the training institutions. An in-depth review of the evidence on sleep and human performance indicated a need to increase opportunities for sleep during residency training to prevent acute and chronic sleep deprivation and minimize the risk of fatigue-related errors. In addition to recommending opportunities for on-duty sleep during long duty periods and breaks for sleep of appropriate lengths between work periods, the committee also recommends enhancements of supervision, appropriate workload, and changes in the work environment to improve conditions for safety and learning.
All residents, medical educators, those involved with academic training institutions, specialty societies, professional groups, and consumer/patient safety organizations will find this book useful to advocate for an improved culture of safety.
Plants are exposed to a variety of abiotic stresses in nature and exhibit unique and complex responses to these stresses depending on their degree of plasticity involving many morphological, ...cellular, anatomical, and physiological changes. Phytohormones are known to play vital roles in the ability of plants to acclimatize to varying environments, by mediating growth, development, source/sink transitions and nutrient allocation. These signal molecules are produced within the plant, and also referred as plant growth regulators. Although plant response to salinity depends on several factors; nevertheless, phytohormones are thought to be the most important endogenous substances that are critical in modulating physiological responses that eventually lead to adaptation to salinity. Response usually involves fluctuations in the levels of several phytohormones, which relates with changes in expression of genes involved in their biosynthesis and the responses they regulate. Present review described the potential role of different phytohormones and their balances against salinity stress and summarized the research progress regarding plant responses towards salinity at physiological and molecular levels. We emphasized the role of abscisic acid, indole acetic acid, cytokinins, gibberellic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, jasmonates, ethylene and triazoles in mediating plant responses and discussed their crosstalk at various baseline pathways transduced by these phytohormones under salinity. Current progress is exemplified by the identification and validation of several significant genes that enhanced crops tolerance to salinity, while missing links on different aspects of phytohormone related salinity tolerance are pointed out. Deciphering mechanisms by which plant perceives salinity and trigger the signal transduction cascades via phytohormones is vital to devise salinity related breeding and transgenic approaches.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The salinization of irrigated lands is increasingly detrimental to plant biomass production and agricultural productivity, as most plant species are sensitive to high concentrations of sodium (Na
+), ...which causes combined Na
+ toxicity and osmotic stress. Plants have multiple Na
+-transport systems to circumvent Na
+ toxicity. Essential physiological functions of major Na
+ transporters and their mechanisms mediating salinity resistance have been identified in
Arabidopsis , including the AtSOS1, AtNHX and AtHKT1;1 transporters. As we discuss here, recent studies have demonstrated that a class of xylem–parenchyma-expressed Na
+-permeable plant HKT transporters represent a primary mechanism mediating salt tolerance and Na
+ exclusion from leaves in
Arabidopsis, and that major salt-tolerance quantitative trait loci in monocot crop plants are also based on this HKT-mediated mechanism.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
La tolérance est une vertu cardinale dans les sociétés occidentales, et son histoire est souvent écrite comme un progrès linéaire jusqu’à son éclosion complète à l’époque moderne. Dans une telle ...perspective, des périodes antérieures comme l’Antiquité tardive apparaissent fortement comme des temps d’intolérance et de violence religieuse. Mais fait-on droit à des sociétés du passé en les étudiant à partir d’une conception moderne de la tolérance ? Ce livre montre comment, à partir de la pensée classique, l’Antiquité tardive développa des conceptions originales de la tolérance et de ses limites, qui étaient enracinées dans les idées antiques sur l’homme, la raison et la société. Il cherche ainsi à interroger notre propre conception de la tolérance qui, au lieu d’être l’aboutissement parfait d’une longue histoire, est aussi une conception spécifique et historique - avec ses propres limites.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from the destruction of pancreatic β-cells that is mediated by the immune system. Multiple genetic and environmental factors found in variable combinations in ...individual patients are involved in the development of T1DM. Genetic risk is defined by the presence of particular allele combinations, which in the major susceptibility locus (the HLA region) affect T cell recognition and tolerance to foreign and autologous molecules. Multiple other loci also regulate and affect features of specific immune responses and modify the vulnerability of β-cells to inflammatory mediators. Compared with the genetic factors, environmental factors that affect the development of T1DM are less well characterized but contact with particular microorganisms is emerging as an important factor. Certain infections might affect immune regulation, and the role of commensal microorganisms, such as the gut microbiota, are important in the education of the developing immune system. Some evidence also suggests that nutritional factors are important. Multiple islet-specific autoantibodies are found in the circulation from a few weeks to up to 20 years before the onset of clinical disease and this prediabetic phase provides a potential opportunity to manipulate the islet-specific immune response to prevent or postpone β-cell loss. The latest developments in understanding the heterogeneity of T1DM and characterization of major disease subtypes might help in the development of preventive treatments.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades are important signaling modules that convert environmental stimuli into cellular responses. We show that MPK3, MPK4, and MPK6 are rapidly activated after ...cold treatment. The mpk3 and mpk6 mutants display increased expression of CBF genes and enhanced freezing tolerance, whereas constitutive activation of the MKK4/5-MPK3/6 cascade in plants causes reduced expression of CBF genes and hypersensitivity to freezing, suggesting that the MKK4/5-MPK3/6 cascade negatively regulates the cold response. MPK3 and MPK6 can phosphorylate ICE1, a basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factor that regulates the expression of CBF genes, and the phosphorylation promotes the degradation of ICE1. Interestingly, the MEKK1-MKK2-MPK4 pathway constitutively suppresses MPK3 and MPK6 activities and has a positive role in the cold response. Furthermore, the MAPKKK YDA and two calcium/calmodulin-regulated receptor-like kinases, CRLK1 and CRLK2, negatively modulate the cold activation of MPK3/6. Our results uncover important roles of MAPK cascades in the regulation of plant cold response.
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•The MKK4/5-MPK3/6 cascade negatively regulates freezing tolerance•The MEKK1-MKK2-MPK4 cascade positively regulates freezing tolerance•MPK3/6-mediated phosphorylation of ICE1 promotes ICE1 degradation•CRLK1 and CRLK2 suppress the cold activation of MPK3/6
ICE1 is a central regulator of the plant cold response, and its levels are tightly controlled. Zhao et al. show that cold-activated MPK3 and MPK6 phosphorylate ICE1 and promote its degradation, thus negatively regulating the cold response, whereas MPK4 positively regulates the cold response by constitutively suppressing MPK3 and MPK6 activity.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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