À partir du milieu du XIXe siècle, les associations d’excursionnistes, de ski et de tourisme connaissent un franc succès en Alsace. Après l’annexion de la région au Reich en 1871, leurs homologues ...allemandes (Club alpin austro-allemand et Wandervogel notamment), pourtant très actives outre-Rhin, ont en revanche beaucoup de mal à s’implanter dans le nouveau Reichsland , où existe déjà un réseau associatif fort structuré. Nous montrerons ici que les Alsaciens, pourtant très ouverts à l’idée d’arpenter les sommets vosgiens, apparaissent à l’inverse bien hermétiques à l’idée d’une diffusion de ces associations allemandes dans leur région, notamment parce que celles-ci ne permettent pas la même appréhension de la frontière ni la même perception des particularités régionales que celle que leur proposent les associations alsaciennes.
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BFBNIB, INZLJ, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
A study targeting the Bale Mountains National Park in Ethiopia was conducted to gain a deeper understanding of local communities' opinion on benefits and disbenefits of protected areas and existing ...benefit-sharing mechanisms and to suggest future research for development direction related to the management of protected areas. Household surveys, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were tools used to collect data. The results obtained through the analysis of the factors affecting the attitude of local communities on the park and its management demonstrated that efforts should be concentrated on improving communication with local communities and short-term economic benefits as well as identifying the reasons for the unhealthy relationships and addressing them. These issues can partly be addressed through creating and supporting effective and functioning multi-stakeholder platforms for dialogue and co-production of knowledge, continuous meetings and awareness-raising campaigns and integrating more income-generating activities. The results also suggested that park management and government authorities use their authority to decide how local communities should participate in Bale Mountains National Park management initiatives. Such a top-down approach affects the sustainability of the efforts to conserve protected areas because local stakeholders lack incentives to participate. This also leads to inadequate understanding of the complex relationships between people and protected areas they depend on and the inability to tailor management responses to specific needs and conditions. The study discussed the implications of the results for future planning and management of protected areas and forwarded recommendations for policy and future research for development directions.
