A traffic encounter between individual road users is a process of continuous interplay over time and space and may be seen as an elementary event with the potential to develop into an accident. This ...paper proposes a framework for organising all traffic encounters into a severity hierarchy based on some operational severity measure. A severity hierarchy provides a description of the safety situation and trade-off between safety and efficiency in the traffic system. As a first approach to study the encounter process, a set of indicators is proposed to describe an encounter. These indicators allow for a continuous description even if the relationship between the road users changes during the process (e.g., when they are on a collision course or leave it). Automated video analysis is suggested as a tool that will allow data collection for validation of the proposed theories.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
2.
Road Traffic Safety Development Trends in Latvia Kreicbergs, Juris; Smirnovs, Juris; Lama, Aldis ...
The Baltic journal of road and bridge engineering,
12/2021, Volume:
16, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The main focus of this article is on the road traffic safety development trends in Latvia. Soon after the regain of independence at the beginning of the 1990s, road traffic safety characteristics in ...Latvia were the worst in the Latvian history. The increase of car availability and affordability made the car a major road vehicle. The implementation of road safety programmes contributed to essential improvement of road traffic safety in Latvia. The number of road accident fatalities in 2020 compared to 1991 decreased more than sevenfold. Nevertheless, the current Latvian road traffic safety statistics is well below the average level of the EU member states and even the pandemics did not cause similar reduction as in most member states. This indicates that great improvement is still needed. The article shows the Latvian experience in road traffic safety enhancements and discusses the measures to improve road traffic safety.
The purpose of this document is to validate a new methodology useful for the estimation of road accidents resulting from possible driver distractions. This was possible through a statistical ...comparison made between real accident data between 2016 and 2018 in the city of Santander (Spain) and simulated data resulting from the application of the methodology on two areas of study. The methodology allows us to evaluate possible collisions starting from the knowledge of vehicular trajectories extrapolated from microsimulation. Studies show that there are good correlations between the real data and the simulated data. The results obtained show that the proposed methodology can be considered reliable and, therefore, it could be of fundamental importance for designers, since it would simplify the choice between different possible intervention scenarios, determining which is the least risky in terms of road safety.
According to commonly used measures of traffic safety, Sweden has one of the safest road transportation systems in the world, whereas the USA has relatively poor road safety performance. Although ...national comparisons are useful, they are problematical because they generalise across a diverse mix of travel environments (eg, urban and rural). This study used an array of traffic death rates to determine whether comparable urban regions in Sweden and California-Stockholm and San Francisco-have similar road safety performance for various types of road users. The study found that the Stockholm region is far safer than the San Francisco Bay area for pedestrians and bicyclists, even when comparing the regions' core cities, but may not be any safer for motor vehicle occupants. In addition, comparing traffic safety with traditional measures of exposure such as population and motor vehicle travel produced different results than measures that account for mode-specific exposure.
Many new technologies using ITS have been developed in order to reduce traffic accidents. Adaptive Cruise Control system (ACC) is one of such ITS. The impacts of ACC installation on traffic accident ...within traffic flow has not been evaluated because of difficulty evaluating accident occurrence with respect to complexity of interaction between vehicles with and without ACC. Thus, the approach was developed to estimate traffic accident occurrence after installation of ACC by using a micro traffic simulation model which was basically modified by adding a function of perception-response process. In this approach, traffic accident occurrence was access by detecting conflict on the simulation. In addition, the evaluation method was developed by using proposed safety indicator. To evaluate the influence market penetration of ACC, many cases with different installation rate of ACC were simulated by using the proposed approach and relationship between installation rate and safety indicator was analyzed.
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