Uvod: Sočasna podvrženost več dejavnikom tveganja v povezavi z nezdravim življenjskim slogom vodi v nastanek kroničnih nenalezljivih bolezni in je v Sloveniji najbolj razširjena med mladimi odraslimi ...(25–34 let). Zdravstveni coaching je pristop zdravstvene vzgoje, ki bi bil lahko uporaben za zmanjševanje pojavnosti multiplih dejavnikov tveganja v povezavi z nezdravim življenjskim slogom med mladimi. Namen raziskave je bil pregledati in analizirati literaturo o uporabi zdravstvenega coachinga za zdrav življenjski slog mladih.Metode: Izveden je bil pregled znanstvene literature v podatkovnih bazah PubMed in PubMed Central. Upoštevana so bila priporočila PRISMA. Identificirane zadetke smo uvrstili v nivo hierarhije dokazov in ocenili kakovost s pomočjo orodja za ocenjevanje kakovosti raziskav z mešano metodološko zasnovo.Rezultati: Izmed 777 identificiranih zadetkov je bilo v končno analizo vključenih sedem izvirnih znanstvenih člankov. Zdravstveni coaching je pri obravnavi multiplih dejavnikov tveganja v povezavi z nezdravim življenjskim slogom najpogosteje uporabljen za hkratno promocijo zdrave prehrane in telesne dejavnosti. Uporaba pristopa pri mlajših od 35 let pogosto vključuje rabo sodobne informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije.Diskusija in zaključek: Zdravstveni coaching lahko pomembno vpliva na odpravo in preprečevanje multiplih dejavnikov tveganja v povezavi z nezdravim življenjskim slogom med mladimi. Implementacija pristopa mora temeljiti na premišljeni zasnovi in neprekinjeni evalvaciji uspešnosti in učinkovitosti.
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Aiming at generating evidence for formulating targeted and cost-effective public health interventions for the effective control of alcohol use (AU) in emerging adults in South Eastern Europe. The ...study's objective was to assess if alcohol users experience adverse childhood experiences (ACE) more often than non-users, and to identify which ACE victims are the most vulnerable to AU.
The data was collected in 2010-2012 in two cross-sectional studies conducted in university settings in Montenegro and Romania (overall response rate 89.1%). In the present study, 3,283 students were included. The international ACE Study Questionnaires were used as a base for study instruments for collecting information on ACEs, health behaviours, and socio-economic factors. The association between AU and individual ACEs, adjusted to background factors, was assessed by using logistic regression.
From the child maltreatment group, three ACEs were included in the final model as statistically significantly associated with AU, all of them from physical neglect/abuse types: frequently being hit so hard to have marks or being injured (OR=1.68; p=0.012), frequently being spanked (OR=1.38; p=0.012), and frequently having no person to take to the doctor if necessary (OR=0.58; p=0.031). From the household dysfunction group, two ACEs were included in the final model: exposure to mental health problems in the household (OR=2.85; p<0.001), and living with a problematic drinker/alcoholic (OR=1.51; p=0.019).
The effect of exposure to ACEs on AU persists into emerging adulthood. This should be considered when developing cost-effective response to AU burden through targeted interventions, in particular in settings with scarce resources.
Alcohol/binge drinking among university students has become a major public health problem. Many of young students will be exposed to substantial changes in living arrangements, socialization groups ...and social activities during the transitional period.
The aim of this study was to analyse the alcohol consumption in Romanian university students, and to describe the behaviours occurring after drinking.
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 468 undergraduate students, from a university for medicine and law. Of these students, 35.5% were males and 64.5% were females. The mean age of students was 21.9 ± 3.22 years. Validated anonymous paper questionnaires were completed voluntary by the students. Questionnaires contained demographic items, six questions for determining the level of alcohol consumed in terms of quantity and frequency, and 19 statements or problems resulting from drinking.
The findings of the study showed that males drunk more units of alcohol/week than females (p<0.001). The prevalence of abstainers was 10.8% in males and 17.6% in women. Heavy drinkers (drinking 5 or more drinks more than once a week) were more common among male (19.3%) than among female students (16.2%). Most frequently, drinking behaviours are related to academic performance, and the possible link between poor academic performance and alcohol consumption appears tenuous and merits further investigation.
Effective intervention strategies should be implemented to prevent students' alcohol consumption and adverse health and social consequences resulting from this behaviour.
When enforcement is determined on an object that is co-owned by the executor and a third party who is not the executor, domestic and comparative procedural theories identify (only) the concept ...according to which the co-ownership of the third party represents their exclusive right, starting from the fact that it is natural for a forced settlement enforcement requester to be carried out based on the value of the executor’s property. In addition to the above, two other models are identified in the paper using the normative- dogmatic and comparative law method – the right of co-ownership of the third party on the object of execution, which represents a conditional exclusive right, and their right which is not an exclusive right. The legal-value reach of the identified legal models is examined by analyzing the current domestic and foreign procedural theories, as well as the current domestic judicial practice, and by examining their compatibility with the convention standard of protection of the third party’s right to peaceful enjoyment of property. Since the laws of the entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina accept opposite models regarding this issue, the research aims to point out to the legislators in the entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina the importance of conceptual harmonization as soon as possible. It is concluded that from the identified legal models, the protection of the right to peaceful enjoyment of the property of a third party is provided (only) by the one that envisages the co-ownership of this person as his exclusive right, either on the movable or immovable thing on which enforcement is determined.
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Autorice u radu analiziraju konvencijske aspekte, tzv. zamrzavanja i privremenog oduzimanja imovine, neovisno je li ono proizašlo iz građanskog ili kaznenog postupka, a iz kuta zaštite prava na mirno ...uživanje imovine kako je ono zajamčeno člankom 1. Protokola br. 1. uz Konvenciju za zaštitu ljudskih prava i temeljnih sloboda te praksom Europskog suda za ljudska prava. U uvodnom se dijelu prikazuju osnovna načela kojima se rukovodi Europski sud pri utvrđivanju je li došlo do povrede prava na mirno uživanje imovine. Nastavno se, analizira nacionalni sustav uređenja izabranih mjera osiguranja koje imaju učinak zamrzavanja i privremenog oduzimanja imovine u ovršnom i kaznenom postupku. Potom se analizira praksa Suda s aspekta povreda zaštićenog prava u svjetlu pravila o kontroli uporabe imovine zamrzavanjem i privremenim oduzimanjem, a s osobitim naglaskom na kategoriju razmjernosti.
In this paper, the authors analyse the Convention aspects of the so-called “freezing” and temporary confiscation of property, regardless of whether it arose from civil or criminal proceedings and from the aspect of the protection of the right to peaceful enjoyment of property as guaranteed by the Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and by the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). The introductory part of the paper presents the basic principles by which the ECtHR is guided in determining whether the right to peaceful enjoyment of property was violated. Further on, the national system for regulation of selected security measures that have the effect of freezing and temporary confiscation of property in enforcement proceedings and in criminal proceedings is discussed. The case-law of the ECtHR is also analysed from the aspect of violation of protected rights in the light of rules on the control of the use of property by freezing and temporary confiscation, with particular emphasis on the principle of proportionality
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Purpose/Objective: The aim of this research was to establish whether there is a correlation between sport activity and drug-taking among 680 14-year-old pupils, and to establish whether the ...drug-sports link depends on the type of sports. Methods: We used a questionnaire with 38 variables on sports activities and drugs. The probability relations among the variables were tested by chi-square. Results: The analysis has shown that 74.6 % male and 79.3 % female pupils practise sports in their leisure time. On average, they practise sports 2 to 3 times a week. The majority of male pupils practise sports competitively, while female pupils primarily practise unorganized recreational sports. 7.3 % male and 16.6 % female pupils smoke; the majority of male pupils had the first cigarette at the age of 13, female pupils at the age of 12. 87-4 % male and 85.5 % female pupils had tried an alcohol beverage. 21.6 % male and 29.3 % female pupils had tried drugs. We have ascertained that there is some statistically significant correlation between sports activities and taking licit and illicit drugs. A statistically characteristic correlation has been established for alcohol drinking with male pupils and for smoking with female pupils. We also observed a significant correlation between organized sports as the type of sports and drug use. Conclusion: We can conclude that persistent sports inactivity in adolescence may increase the risk of alcohol use among male, and smoking among female pupils. Participation in organized sports, as opposed to unorganized and competitive sports, may reduce illicit drug use.
Unatoč tendencijama hrvatskog zakonodavca za širenjem zakonskog opisa i time olakšavanjem dokazivanja pranja novca, pravna shvaćanja u sudskoj praksi i nevelik broj kaznenih postupaka upućuju na ...izrazito sužen doseg tog kaznenog djela. Kod zakonskih oblika koji nisu bili predmetom osuđujućih presuda u ovom se radu analizira sadržaj normativnog okvira pranja novca, povezanost s međunarodnim pravom, kao i razlozi nepokretanja postupaka ili oslobađanja okrivljenika. Zakonska obilježja pranja novca te razgraničenje od drugih kaznenih djela i nekažnjivih ponašanja analizirani su u kontekstu gospodarskog sustava kao zaštićenog pravnog dobra. Rezultati rada upućuju na to da je učinkovita kaznenopravna reakcija ipak moguća primjenom ustaljene sudske prakse za kaznena djela općenito, kao i raščlambom postojećih sudskih odluka za kazneno djelo pranja novca.
Despite the tendencies of the Croatian legislator to widen the legal description and thus facilitate the proving of money laundering, legal interpretation in the case law and a small number of criminal proceedings indicate a considerably narrowed scope of this criminal offence. With regard to legal forms that have not been the subject of convictions, this paper analyses the content of the normative framework of money laundering, the connection with international law, and the reasons for not instituting proceedings or acquitting the defendant. The legal features of money laundering, as well as its differentiation from other criminal offences and unpunished actions are analysed in the context of an economic system as a protected legal value. The results of the paper indicate that an effective criminal law response is already possible by applying the established case law for criminal offences in general, as well as by analysing existing court decisions for the criminal offence of money laundering.
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Socio-emocionalna dobrobit djeteta razvija se unutar odnosa s bitnim osobama u njegovoj okolini, prvenstveno roditeljima. Najčešće istraživan aspekt roditeljstva su roditeljska ponašanja, odnosno ...namjerne radnje koje roditelji poduzimaju u svrhu zaštite djetetova života i poticanja razvoja. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati odnos procijenjene socio-emocionalne dobrobiti predškolske djece s nekim aspektima roditeljskog ponašanja. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 104 roditelja te je procijenjena socio-emocionalna dobrobit 104 djeteta. Odgojitelji su ukupnu dobrobit procjenjivali višom kod starije djece, kao i sve sastavnice dobrobiti, osim Uživanja u istraživanju koje je pokazalo tendenciju pada s porastom dobi. Utvrđena je viša dobrobit kod djece čiji roditelji pokazuju više podrške. Podrška autonomiji koju pokazuju roditelji značajno je pozitivno povezana s procjenama ukupne dobrobiti, kao i dimenzijama Samokontrola i promišljenost te Emocionalna stabilnost i suočavanje sa stresom. Također, roditeljska podrška značajno je pozitivno povezana s ukupnom dobrobiti. Rezultati su raspravljeni u kontekstu doprinosa povećanju dobrobiti predškolske djece.
Autorica u radu analizira zastaru i njezine rokove u praksi Europskog suda za ljudska prava točnije s obzirom na zaštitu koju Sud pruža pravu na pošteno suđenje iz članka 6. stavka 1. Konvencije za ...zaštitu ljudskih prava i temeljnih sloboda (osobito pravu na pristup sudu) te pravu na mirno uživanje imovine iz članka 1, Protokola broj 1 uz konvenciju. Institut zastare promatran je kroz zahtjeve koje Sud upućuje državama članicama da ograničenja nametnutap odnositeljima ne smiju biti nepredvidljiva, odnosno ne smiju biti suprotna legitimnom cilju te nerazmjerna.
Autorice u
radu analiziraju institut privremene uprave na nekretnini u općem i odabranim
posebnim režimima. U prvom dijelu rada daje se prikaz geneze instituta, a zatim
promatraju njegove ...pretpostavke i obilježja. Istaknuti su zahtjevi potrebni za
uspostavljanje privremene uprave u nacionalnom uređenju, tj. da je od vlasnika
zatraženo određeno činjenje koje je on uskratio, a u povodu zaštite određenih
dobara. Zatim su analizirana obilježja privremenosti i ograničenja izvršavanja vlasničkopravnih ovlasti na stvari analizirana s obzirom na
značajke zaštite prava na mirno uživanje imovine. Istaknuto je da se radi o
trećem pravilu o kontroli korištenja imovine i promatralo se je li određenim
uređenjem narušena pravična ravnoteža, odnosno jesu li ograničenja koja je
država nametnula u okviru polja slobodne procjene razmjerna (proporcionalna).
In the
paper, the authors analyse the institute of temporary administration of
property in general, but also in selected special regimes. The first part of
the paper gives an overview of the genesis of the institute, followed by its
assumptions and features. The requirements required for the establishment of
temporary administration of property in the national system are discussed, that
is, when the owner has been asked to make certain doing which he has not done,
all in relation to the protection of certain goods. Furthermore, the features
of the temporary nature and limitations of the enforcement of property rights
have been analysed in the light of the features of the protection of the right
to peaceful enjoyment of property. The paper placed an emphasis on the third
rule of the right to peaceful enjoyment of property: the control of the use of
property. What has been analysed is whether temporary administration violates a
fair balance, i.e. whether the restrictions imposed by the state are within its
margin of appreciation and proportionate.
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