Measurement, monitoring and recording of the environmental condition is the essential and sometimes statutory requirements, to observe the small change or deviation in the results of measurements in ...calibration and testing laboratories as well as other scientific applications. This motivated the authors to develop a precision wireless environment conditions, measurement, monitoring and recording (WEMMR) device. The present paper describes the design and development of an indigenous precision WEMMR device. The WEMMR is comprised of a micro-electromechanical sensor (MEMS; BME-280) capable to measure, monitor and record three parameters related to prevailing environmental conditions in the room, i.e., ambient temperature (
T
) in the range (0–100) °C, ambient pressure (
P
) in the range (300–1100) mbar and relative humidity (
H
) from (0–100)%. The system was developed using microcontroller (ATmega328) and Wi-Fi module (ESP8266) for wireless operation. These environmental conditions were also used to determine the prevailing air density (
ρ
air
) in the room and display the same on the monitoring panel. The monitoring and recording of
ρ
air
are extremely important parameters in measurement and realization of mass and mass-related quantities, i.e., force, pressure, flow and ultrasonic power. Apart from monitoring, recording of the data device is also capable to transmit the data to remotely located computer through internet connectivity. The developed WEMMR device had been calibrated against national standards available at the National Physical Laboratory, India, for ambient temperature, ambient pressure and humidity ranged for (10–50) °C, (300–1100) mbar and (30–80)%, respectively. The uncertainty in the ambient temperature, ambient pressure and relative humidity has been evaluated as ± 0.37 °C, ± 0.31 mbar and ± 0.71%, respectively.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
‘‘Out of body” tactile illusions can serve as a tool to exploit the limitations of human perception to augment the information displayed in the mobile haptic devices. The objective of this study was ...to establish a psychophysics based mathematical relationship between the intensity of physical and phantom stimulus rendered “out of the body.” In order to achieve this objective, three experiments were conducted, the first experiment was to compare three existing algorithms (linear, logarithmic, and square) defined for “on the body” when extended to “out of the body,” the second experiment was to test the pertinence of the best performing algorithm from first experiment, and the third experiment was designed to identify an ideal mathematical relation using psychophysical studies. Fifteen subjects participated in the experiments and the physical stimuli were provided to the index fingers of both the hands such that the phantom stimulus was perceived in the mid-air between them. Results of the first experiment depicted that the “square algorithm” was the best among the three. Results of the second experiment proved “square algorithm” to be better than other two algorithms but not ideal to define mathematical relation for “out of body” tactile funneling illusion. Results of the third experiment established a novel and better performing algorithm using “power relationship” between the intensity of physical and phantom stimulus leading to “out of body” tactile funneling. Although this paper defines the power relationship between the phantom and physical stimulus intensity, the relationship between location of phantom stimulus and the physical stimulus intensity remains the future scope of this study.
A recent Dutch study in general practice showed a clear relationship between the diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and symptoms suggestive of provoked vulvodynia (PVD). PVD accounts for the ...largest group of vulvar pains, but is often not recognised by GPs.
To investigate whether diagnostic uncertainty about VVC in general practice could also point to the diagnosis of PVD, and whether and how this diagnostic uncertainty affects management.
An observational study in 2014 in Dutch general practices of the NIVEL Primary Care Database.
Women with an uncertain diagnosis of VVC were distinguished from those with certain VVC based on the occurrence of recurrent episodes and persisting complaints, despite treatment. Factors known to be associated with PVD were hypothesised to be more prevalent in women with uncertain VVC. Data on symptom management by GPs were collected.
In total 7066 women with VVC or uncertain VVC were included. Uncertain VVC was found to account for 28% of these patients. Compared to VVC, the group uncertain VVC included significantly more women with female genital symptoms, tiredness, irritable bowel syndrome (all
<0.001), feeling anxious, reduced sexual desire, depressive disorder, relationship problems, and micturition symptoms (all
<0.05). Compared to VVC, the group uncertain VVC included significantly higher mean numbers of telephone consultations (
<0.001), more referrals to gynaecology (
= 0.009), and higher mean numbers of prescriptions per patient (
<0.001).
This study's findings indicate that uncertain VVC could be a marker of PVD. GPs might reconsider their diagnostics and management when women present recurrent and persistent vulvovaginal complaints, especially if accompanied by dyspareunia, functional syndromes, micturition symptoms, and psychological conditions.
This study presents a novel data driven disturbance observer design method and its integration with a recursive controller developed for diesel engine airpath control problem. Mass Air Flow (MAF) and ...Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) are identified with Multi-Input Single-Output NFIR models using experimental data. Heavy-duty diesel engine airpath with variable geometry turbine (VGT) and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve is the main focus of the paper. Presented data driven disturbance observer and controller are implemented to a serial production level engine embedded software. The proposed controllers are compared with the available commercial controllers in dynamometer test cycles. Better overall performance is achieved with respect to the commercial controllers using proposed easy-to-tune controllers.
The rare earths doped glasses have been considered as the best solution to fulfil the increasing demand for cheaper fluorescent taggants. The ensuring a high quality of a spectral taggant batch ...imposes, among others, an exact chemical composition measurement. The most convenient method for elemental analysis of powdered specimens is Energy Dispersive (Polarised)- X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (ED(P)-XRFS) because it has many advantages: non-destructive, large analytical range, robustness, easy sample preparation, cheaper consumables, less time consuming etc. ED(P)-XRFS has some inherent analytical drawbacks such as: interelements interferences, matrix dependence etc. The only way to overcome the drawbacks is a proper method for the measurement uncertainty (MU) estimation of the outcomes. Consequently, the paper argues that the bottom-up method for MU estimation is feeble as long as the sensitivity coefficients of the factors of uncertainty budget are not well known and documented, which is the habitual case of the ED and WD XRFS bottom-up published methods. The paper substantiates a new robust top-down method for MU estimation of the ED(P)-XRFS outcomes carried on a fluorescence glass. Also, the paper presents a representative case study of appliance of the developed top-down method. The other novelties addressed in the paper are: i. Introducing the robust statistics as further checks for the accuracy of mean and of standard deviation, according to ISO 13583:2015; ii. A new criterion for testing the normal distribution of the mean of a set of fewer outcomes based on Central Limit Theorem and on the central momentum of third orde; iii. The method was implemented for multiple simultaneous outcomes. The top-down method, given in the paper, can be applied to ED- and WD-XRFS routine measurements in industrial laboratories or in material science ones, but it can be adapted, without much effort, to other types of tests e.g. hardness, XRD etc.
Different green supply chain (GSC) operational activities may involve different risks and risk factors and or drivers. Its effect could be delay in order, quality damage or may even loss in business, ...if managers do not account them on timely. To meet the consequences, therefore, in this paper, we attempt to focus on the operational GSC risk evaluation and management by capturing of uncertainty and evaluating the risks by means of simulation to demonstrate the delay/disturbance consequences of the risk (i.e., the loss in business). This work follows a procedure in which, initially, the various uncertainties have been identified and assessed. Later, a risk evaluation has been followed in which the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) results exemplify the delay/disturbance consequence of the risk is carried out. Inputs in this research are taken from a GSCM case example of an Indian poly plastic manufacturing company.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In many engineering situations, we are interested in finding the correlation ρ between different quantities x and y based on the values xi and yi of these quantities measured in different situations ...i. Measurements are never absolutely accurate; it is therefore necessary to take this inaccuracy into account when estimating the correlation ρ. Sometimes, we know the probabilities of different values of measurement errors, but in many cases, we only know the upper bounds Δxi and Δyi on the corresponding measurement errors. In such situations, after we get the measurement results x˜i and y˜i, the only information that we have about the actual (unknown) values xi and yi is that they belong to the corresponding intervals x˜i−Δxi,x˜i+Δxi and y˜i−Δyi,y˜i+Δyi. Different values from these intervals lead, in general, to different values of the correlation ρ. It is therefore desirable to find the range ρ̲,ρ¯ of possible values of the correlation when xi and yi take values from the corresponding intervals. In general, the problem of computing this range is NP-hard. In this paper, we provide a feasible (=polynomial-time) algorithm for computing at least one of the endpoints of this interval: for computing ρ¯ when ρ¯>0 and for computing ρ̲ when ρ̲<0.
► In practice, it is often important to estimate correlation between quantities. ► Correlation ρ is estimated based on the measurement results. ► Often, we only know the upper bound on the measurement errors. ► We then need to find the range ρ̲;ρ¯ of possible value of ρ; this is NP-hard. ► We show that a feasible algorithm is possible that computes ρ̲ or ρ¯.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
After the Second World War, Paul Ricoeur started his career teaching philosophy at the Collège Cévenol in the village of Chambon-sur-Lignon, where he wrote his doctoral dissertation dedicated to the ...phenomenological analysis of the voluntary and the involuntary. Borrowed from Milan Kundera, the paradoxical notion of “wisdom of uncertainty”, applied to Ricoeur’s work as a whole, highlights the specific features of his contribution to the development of hermeneutic philosophy in the 20th century.
Annually a large amount of money should be spent by water authorities to adapt and update water distribution systems (WDSs)to the latest client's needs and variations known as adaptation cost. To ...prevent or lessen WDSs’ adaptation cost it is essential to insert a level of flexibility into WDS layouts from the very beginning in planning or designing stages 1. This study proposed a simple technique based on multi-criteria decision analysis to rank a set of WDS layouts based on their level of flexibility under future mechanical and hydraulic uncertainty.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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