Kurnia I, Arief H, Mardiastuti A, Hermawan R. 2021. The potential of bird diversity in the urban landscape for birdwatching in Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1701-1711. Birdwatching is a ...recreational activity of observing birds in the wild with the naked eye¸ using tools such as telescopes and binoculars, or listening to bird sounds. The observation locations can be either natural landscape or urban landscapes with bird diversity. However, the dominance of built spaces and man-made vegetation differed from natural landscapes. This difference will affect the composition of birds found in the urban landscape. This paper aimed to analyze bird diversity in urban landscapes and their potential for birdwatching. The research was conducted from February to April 2020 in five cities in Java (Bogor, Sukabumi, Bandung, Yogyakarta, Surabaya). Bird data were taken using the IPA method and were carried out in 85 green open spaces. Total bird species found were 75 species, with the largest number found in Bogor (66 species), followed by Surabaya (36 species), Bandung (28 species), Sukabumi (26 species), and Yogyakarta (19 species). The locations with the highest species richness in each city are Bogor Botanical Gardens (53 species), Cikundul Agrotourism Area Sukabumi (18 species), Bandung Zoological Garden (21 species), Gembira Loka Zoo (14 species), and Pakal City Forest Surabaya (20 species). Commonly seen bird species are dominated by generalist species typical of urban landscapes (e.g., Collocalia linchi, Passer montanus, and Pycnonotus aurigaster). Bird species richness has a positive correlation with the local area and habitat diversity. A total of 74 bird species are resident species that can be found throughout the year as birdwatching objects. Only one species are migrant species namely Merops philippinus.
The research investigates the use of innovative technologies for the documentation, analysis, cataloguing of tangible and intangible heritage within the historical urban landscape. The main objective ...is the implementation of knowledge for safeguarding the Heritage in a perspective of sustainable development based on the understanding and increasingly wide use of the cultural values of a territory. Within this frame, the contribution presents the case study of Ascoli Piceno, characterized by a rich and widespread architectural-cultural heritage, testimony of history and experiences and unique resource of memory. The heritage of Ascoli Piceno has been enhanced through an information management tool in GIS environment, proposing a new digital model to be applied to build thematic layers of knowledge/enhancement of historical-artistic stratifications. The different information levels are organized in a georeferenced database, then structured in itineraries, easily accessible according to the interests of the users. This approach allows to analyze and manage a lot of information, putting in synergy technologies, data and urban space.
Urban green spaces generate a number of perceived benefits toward human health and well-being, including an overall improvement in the quality of life. To date, processes underlying these benefits ...are mostly investigated at city level, while very little research has been conducted at a larger scale, such as the European level. Evidence is lacking on the association between green spaces and citizens' perceived benefits based on variations among cities with different socio-economic conditions. This study aims to disentangle the relationship between greenness, citizens' perceived quality of life, the environment, social inclusion and urban management in 51 European cities, as well as the role of per capita income in moderating the effects of greenness on overall perceived quality of life. Through structural equation modeling, the effect of greenness was tested on citizens' perceived overall quality of life (i.e., on the environment, social inclusion, and urban management). The role of metropolitan gross domestic product per capita in moderating the relationship between greenness and citizens' perceptions on overall quality of life was investigated. Our findings confirm the influence of greenness on citizens' quality of life. More importantly, the influence of greenness on the overall perception of quality of life was considerably more marked in lower-income cities. This study represents one of the first attempts at exploring the complex mechanisms underlying the association between green space and citizens' well-being at continent level. Practical implications for European urban planners and policy makers are discussed.
•Greenness positively predicts the overall perception of quality of life.•Quality of life mediates the relation between greenness and citizens' perceptions.•NDVI more strongly affects perceived quality of life in cities with lower GDP.•European scale studies can improve decisions of urban planners.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract In the last few years, with the fast growing of neural network field such as those for virtual reception and enhanced nature, the practice and theory of conventional landscape are impacted ...and challenged by virtual landscape based on these sorts of neural network technologies. On the one hand, the virtual landscape changes the carrier of landscape design from material real world to the networked virtual world, which breaks the traditional way of generating landscape and the way of expression of results. On the other hand, the virtualized and networked morphological characteristics of the virtual landscape itself and its capacity that can offer users a sense of immertion, interplay and enjoyment of the experience provide a way of extending and deepening the realm of scenery. It is also a new type of landscape that conforms to the trend of the times created in the background of the fast evolution of scientific and technical development. Virtual landscape brings new construction thinking and practical means for the application of digital city, the construction of urban context, and the development and utilization of relics. It provides an important research source for thinking about the relationship between current humanities and science, material and virtual, history and contemporary. After the research and experiment on the urban environment landscape design of PSO-BP neural network, the experimental data showed that before using the neural network method to improve Yanta East Garden, 57% of the crowd were satisfied with the overall impression of Yanta East Garden, and 17% were dissatisfied. After the improvement, 67% were satisfied with the landscape of Yanta East Garden, only 5% were dissatisfied, and the landscape satisfaction increased by 10%. The survey group believed that the landscape color of Yanta East Garden was full of historical flavor, especially the small sculptures convey the unique Qin Opera culture. The above data show that the method based on neural network is very suitable for the improvement and development of urban landscape design.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
This anthropological paper views the urban landscape of Belgrade as a system
of signs, consequently discussing the functional aspects of those urban
landscape components, which children attributed ...the status of symbols. In a
methodological sense, the work is based on the results of two field surveys
? the first one, conducted in March 2021 in the Primary School ?Kneginja
Milica? in New Belgrade, and the second one, from November 2022, which
increased the representativeness of the sample, raised the age limit of the
respondents, and expanded the territorial coverage of the home city of the
children who participated in the research ? providing collectively a sample
of 70 children aged 7?14. The aim of the work is to provide an input to the
(so far rare) contributions at the intersection of two subdisciplines ?
urban anthropology and anthropology of children/ childhood, as well as to
encourage further research in this area.
•Numerical contributions of typical landscapes to sensible heat flux are quantified.•Changes in sensible heat flux during the diurnal and season are quantified.•Controversial results based on remote ...sensing data are partly resolved.•The difference in sensible heat flux of typical landscapes is the greatest at 2 pm.
Cooling energy consumption in urban areas is affected significantly by the dynamics of urban heat flux. However, we still lack a clear understanding of the quantitative contribution rate and underlying mechanism of typical urban landscapes to urban heat dynamics, especially in seasonal and diurnal patterns. Here we used a thermal infrared camera and portable meteorological instruments to examine the sensible heat flux (SHF) changes of five typical urban landscapes in Beijing based on surface temperature and concurrent microclimate conditions. Diurnal and seasonal variations of SHF were quantified by comparing changes in forenoon and afternoon in different seasons. Results showed that (1) walls and roads act as heat-source, while forests and water act as heat-sink in all seasons; however, grassland served as heat-sink in summer and spring-autumn, but it becomes a heat-source in winter. (2) The seasonal variation of sensible heat flux of the wall is the greatest, followed by water, while that of trees is the smallest. Besides, the highest sensible heat flux and the maximum variation among typical urban landscapes occur between noon and 2:00 pm. (3) The numerical contribution rate of typical landscapes to sensible heat flux varies with daytime (forenoon and afternoon) and seasonal changes, and these ratios can be used as parameters to adjust the numerical models to obtain more reliable results in surface-energy-flux-related studies. The results of this study can provide a reference for explaining controversial findings based on remote-sensing data, and provide insights into revealing the sensible heat flux mechanism of typical urban landscapes and cooling energy conservation in cities.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This Focus presents a collection of essays from the conference “Looking at the City: Filming City-scapes as a Multicultural and Multidentity Experience” (January 2019 - Florence University). The ...collection highlights ways in which migrants are portrayed in cinema and traditional media, with particular attention to the dynamics of self-representation in its interaction with city-scapes or urban landscapes.
•Human thermal comfort (PET) under different tree species have been investigated.•Eco-physiological and bio-meteorological data were measured across the city.•Tree species with higher leaf area index ...showed better below-canopy surface cooling.•Along with higher tree transpiration, they provided better PET reduction.•Cluster tree planting design provided better PET even they reduced the tree growth.
The potential of urban greenspaces in regulating temperature is widely known; however, in the heterogeneous urban landscape the process and the magnitude of human thermal comfort as well as the cumulative effects of natural and built surfaces are not yet well understood. We selected two ecologically contrasting species Tilia cordata Mill. and Robinia pseudoacacia L. planted in eight plots across five different sites in Würzburg, one of the major cities in Northern Bavaria, Germany. We monitored meteorological and edaphic variables and tree sap-flow along with the air temperature, relative humidity, within tree canopy and outside, between January 1 and December 31, 2018. Additionally, we measured surface temperature, meteorological variables below the tree canopies and outside, during the hottest summer days of 2018 (July 23 to 31). With 35% higher leaf area index, T. cordata tree canopies prevented higher incoming radiation compared to R. pseudoacacia trees. Moreover, with diffuse porous wood anatomy, T. cordata trees provided four times more transpiration compared to R. pseudoacacia, therefore, up to 2.8 °C air temperature reduction (ΔAT) within the tree canopy, and increase in absolute humidity (ΔAH) up to 2.6 g m − 3 compared to the 1.9 °C of ΔAT and 1.9 g m − 3 of ΔAH for R. pseudoacacia respectively. Thus, physiological equivalent temperature reduction was up to 4 °C under the shade of a R. pseudoacacia tree compared to 11 °C under a T. cordata tree. Finally, the research showed the importance of urban topography, such as street orientation, surrounding environment such as geometry, urban design to reduce the hindrance of wind flow and proportion of greenspaces in terms of outdoor human thermal comfort.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Urban water scarcity (UWS) has become a major constraint on socioeconomic development. To understand the research advances of UWS in China, we systematically reviewed literature published from 2002 ...to 2022. First, we quantified the 112 relevant publications' characteristics and summarized the relative methods. Then, we reviewed the evaluation results, influencing factors, socioeconomic and environmental effects, and response strategies. Furthermore, we discussed the challenges of existing research and proposed future directions. We found that China's UWS has gradually received more attention. The literature showed that 107 cities were water-stressed. Relative studies focused on large cities and the quantity-induced UWS in North China and Northwest China and the quality-induced UWS across the country. Thirteen classes of indicators were frequently used in UWS assessments, but a comparable evaluation system across different scales and cities is still lacking. China's UWS is mainly attributed to human activities followed by climate change and has influenced the environment, residents' health, and economic development within and beyond cities, but comprehensive assessments of driving forces, effects and solutions are lacking. To promote UWS research and improve urban sustainability under new-type urbanization and climate change, a framework covering various data sources, multiple scales, and diverse dimensions was proposed.
•112 relevant publications were systematically reviewed.•With broad research prospects, China's UWS is receiving more attention.•107 cities were water-stressed according to existing literature.•Comparable and comprehensive assessments of UWS were still lacking.•A framework for future directions was proposed.
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A floating bed (FB) system vegetated with calamus, iris, lythrum, and Hydrocotyle vulgaris, and a strengthened FB (SFB) system with zeolite and sponge iron as fillers were simultaneously applied to ...purify urban landscape water in different zones. The urban landscape water, an artificial lake of approximately 326m2, was supplied with reclaimed water during a six-month experiment. Results indicated that the concentrations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the SFB zone (SFBZ) were significantly lower than those in the control zone (CZ) and the FB zone (FBZ) after six months of operation. The average removal efficiencies (AREs) in the SFBZ, FBZ and CZ were 89.98%, 77.39% and 56.37%, respectively, for ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N); 92.49%, 79.55% and 47.85%, respectively, for phosphate (PO43−-P). Meanwhile, the average concentration of Chlorophyll a and the algae density in SFBZ during the experiment were 12.54μg/L and 1.31×104cells/mL, which were lower, obviously, than those in the FBZ and CZ. Moreover, the contribution rates analysis of nutrient removal exhibited that the plant absorption in the removal of N and P occupied 27.85% and 26.36%, whereas the filler adsorption occupied 7.93% and 11.93%, respectively, in the SFB. Thus, the water quality of the artificial lake was improved greatly by the SFB which hybridized fillers and FB together. Finally, it was found that the AREs of NH4+-N and PO43−-P in the SFBZ could reach 73.93% and 84.56%, approximately 1.39 and 1.41 times that of the FBZ during the winter. Therefore, the application of an SFB can keep a stable water quality in urban landscape water and avoid the lower removal rate of an FB at low-temperature. In summary, the SFB could effectively improve the water quality of urban landscape water supplied with reclaimed water even in winter.
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•Hybridization of fillers and FB was firstly used to purify urban landscape water.•Zeolite and sponge iron in SFB can adsorb NH4+ and PO43− even at low temperature.•Plant adsorption and filler adsorption played a role in water purification of SFB.•SFB improved the water quality of artificial lake supplied with reclaimed water.•SFB was benefit for keeping a stable water quality even in the winter.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
