•Urban land use mapping through integrating remote sensing and geospatial big data.•Crucial features from remote sensing and geospatial big data are identified.•Decision-level and feature-level ...integration approaches are compared.
Remote Sensing (RS) has been used in urban mapping for a long time; however, the complexity and diversity of urban functional patterns are difficult to be captured by RS only. Emerging Geospatial Big Data (GBD) are considered as the supplement to RS data, and help to contribute to our understanding of urban lands from physical aspects (i.e., urban land cover) to socioeconomic aspects (i.e., urban land use). Integrating RS and GBD could be an effective way to combine physical and socioeconomic aspects with great potential for high-quality urban land use classification. In this study, we reviewed the existing literature and focused on the state-of-the-art and perspective of the urban land use categorization by integrating RS and GBD. Specifically, the commonly used RS features (e.g., spectral, textural, temporal, and spatial features) and GBD features (e.g., spatial, temporal, semantic, and sequence features) were identified and analyzed in urban land use classification. The integration strategies for RS and GBD features were categorized into feature-level integration (FI) and decision-level integration (DI). To be more specific, the FI method integrates the RS and GBD features and classifies urban land use types using the integrated feature sets; the DI method processes RS and GBD independently and then merges the classification results based on decision rules. We also discussed other critical issues, including analysis unit setting, parcel segmentation, parcel labeling of land use types, and data integration. Our findings provide a retrospect of different features from RS and GBD, strategies of RS and GBD integration, and their pros and cons, which could help to define the framework for future urban land use mapping and better support urban planning, urban environment assessment, urban disaster monitoring and urban traffic analysis.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The adoption of urban digital twins Ferré-Bigorra, Jaume; Casals, Miquel; Gangolells, Marta
Cities,
December 2022, 2022-12-00, Volume:
131
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The urban management industry has recently shown interest in implementing digital twins in cities to improve urban planning, optimize asset management and create secure, sustainable cities. Built on ...the knowledge gained with the development of smart cities and the implementation of digital twins in other industries, urban digital twins have experienced a significant expansion in just a few years. However, this rapid growth has led to a fragmented situation where the definition of the concept of urban digital twin is not clear and implementations share few similarities. For this reason, the main objective of this paper was to contribute to the conceptualization of the digital twin in urban management. To do so, existing initiatives were mapped in terms of applications, inputs, processing and outputs. Requirements were elicited and the basic structure of a city digital twin was defined. Benefits, open issues and key challenges were also identified. This paper will be useful for stakeholders within the urban management area as it establishes the basis for the future design, development and widespread adoption of urban digital twins.
•Existing approaches on urban digital twins have been reviewed.•The present capability to act on the physical twin is limited.•Standardization is needed to achieve interoperability between digital twins.•Benefits, open issues and key challenges are discussed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In addition to health consequences, the Covid-19 pandemic has had important effects on the environment and lifestyle. Municipal solid waste management faced serious challenges due to consequence of ...the Covid-19 pandemic. In this study, the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the quantity and composition of municipal solid waste in Tehran were investigated. The international experiences of municipal waste management in the Covid-19 pandemic were reviewed and the results were used to develop a guideline for waste management in epidemic conditions adapted to local characteristics. The results showed that changes in the quantity of municipal solid waste affected by the Covid-19 pandemic had temporal and spatial variation. The most change in quantity by 15.81% was seen at the beginning of the pandemic, and non-recyclable waste had the most ratio change among the components of municipal solid waste (144%). The emergence of scattered point sources of infectious waste generation was the most important consequence of the epidemic in municipal solid waste management. These experiences were the basis for defining a guideline for the management of municipal solid waste in biological crises. A guideline in six activities and more than 90 items based on the local characteristics such as available equipment, general culture, local economy, and quantitative changes was defined.
•Biological crisis affects quantity and composition of municipal solid waste.•Waste management in the biological crisis must be adapted to the new conditions.•Local techno-economical characteristics are effective in solutions.•Regional guidelines based on international experiences is a suitable solution.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
4.
Smart cities as corporate storytelling Söderström, Ola; Paasche, Till; Klauser, Francisco
City (London, England),
20/5/4/, Volume:
18, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
On 4 November 2011, the trademark 'smarter cities' was officially registered as belonging to IBM. This was an important milestone in a struggle between IT companies over visibility and legitimacy in ...the smart city market. Drawing on actor-network theory and critical planning theory, the paper analyzes IBM's smarter city campaign and finds it to be storytelling, aimed at making the company an 'obligatory passage point' in the implementation of urban technologies. Our argument unfolds in three parts. We first trace the emergence of the term 'smart city' in the public sphere. Secondly, we show that IBM's influential story about smart cities is far from novel but rather mobilizes and revisits two long-standing tropes: systems thinking and utopianism. Finally, we conclude, first by addressing two critical questions raised by this discourse: technocratic reductionism and the introduction of new moral imperatives in urban management; and second, by calling for the crafting of alternative smart city stories.
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BFBNIB, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Growing interest in the concept of nature-based solutions (NBS) raises the question of its applicability as a broadly-understood approach to resource management and spatial planning. Although both ...the European Commission and United Nations consider the use of NBS as a vehicle to achieve numerous sustainability goals, the concept itself remains under-defined. We analyse the NBS concept against the background of classical water-ecosystem theories. We also review a range of potential contributions by NBS to various aspects of city management, resilience and adaptation. Finally we introduce the concept of a continuum of ecosystem service transfer across city management zones, with NBS acting as the medium, minimizing the net loss of regulatory services, and optimizing the cost-efficiency of solutions. We summarize with analysis of existing best practices in urban water management from the perspective of utilizing natural processes according to the supply and demand of services, and with a threefold target: enabling, restoring or preserving nature.
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•Ecological context of NBS application is critical to avoid their misuse.•NBS cannot always meet expectation of being resilient to change.•Role of urban NBS changes with management regime from preserving to enabling.•Urban NBS need to allow ecosystem service transfer along management zones.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Smart cities have been criticized for being too technologically driven and reinforcing entrepreneurial thinking rather than focusing on citizens and social sustainability. ... This paper aims to “define the implementing principles for Smart Cities in Tehran as a social construct”. In this regard, this study tries to develop smart city indicators and suggest a set of implementing principles for smart cities, citizens, and civic organizations in Tehran. Furthermore, this paper illustrates how in-progress smart city projects are meeting the citizens' needs in 22 districts of Tehran Municipality.METHODS: The present study has used a qualitative and quantitative methodology based on theoretical frameworks. In this paper, Maslow's hierarchy of needs acts as a meta-method for defining the principles of social sustainability to implement smart city projects. First, smart sustainable cities and associated indicators were evaluated based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Second, a case study approach was utilized to assess Tehran’s smart city projects. Finally, the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats and Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix techniques were used to define strategies based on internal and external environmental factors and relation to social sustainability.FINDINGS: The results indicated that promoting innovation centers and living labs to create a vibrant, active, and healthy public realm was the most effective strategy for smart city development in Tehran (Weaknesses-Opportunities8=.1.323). Two important additional strategies were “involve stakeholders and focus on people and consider urban residents not only as recipients or users of smart cities but also as designers of smart cities” (Strengths-Opportunities3=1.075) and “promote community involvement in council decision-making by developing interactive platforms” (Strengths-Opportunities8=0.884).CONCLUSION: This paper contributes knowledge on how cities such as Tehran can achieve and implement social sustainability using a smart city approach. Plans and projects for a smart city in Tehran were deemed neither realistic nor sufficiently strategic, and they are assumed to satisfy neither policymakers nor citizens. Social sustainability-based principles and strategies are necessary to incorporate citizen perspectives into Tehran’s smart city plan and policies. The present study adds several significant insights to the existing frameworks for implementing smart city frameworks in Tehran.
Faced with climate change, rapid urbanization, and ecosystem degradation, comprehensive analysis of carbon balance are urgently required to achieve the envisioned sustainable development goals. This ...study proposed an integrated framework incorporating land use dynamics and carbon balance into the urban management system, according to the logic of “Background & Objectives-Carbon balance-(Natural system + Land use and land cover change + Socio-economic system)-Policy & Strategy”. This is followed by the case study and specific policy implications of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region, a typical urban agglomeration in China. Results show that the land use structure of the BTH region remained relatively steady from 2000 to 2015. Cultivated land is primarily distributed in the southeast, with a slight decrease from 50.72% in 2000 to 47.63% in 2015. Carbon emissions from built up land have the highest proportion and increased from 82.58% in 2000 to 92.43% in 2015. Carbon sinks are mainly found in the northwest, and carbon sources are mainly found in the southeast. The carbon balance is increasingly unsettled, with a sharply decreasing rate from 2.73% in 2000 to 0.66% in 2015. Comprehensive policies are proposed from four specific aspects, i.e., strengthening land governance, land use planning, optimizing industrial structure, and regulating residential behavior. The results and conclusions provide scientific evidences for the regional spatial management to achieve sustainable development.
•A framework integrates land use dynamics and carbon balance into urban management.•A case study investigated the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration in China.•The carbon balance rate decreased sharply from 2.7253% in 2000 to 0.6623% in 2015.•Comprehensive policies are summarized from four specific aspects.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Public spaces in cities have been conceived as leisure and tourism destinations due to their social and civic roles. Due to economic, political, and managerial factors, many of these spaces in Tehran ...have become passive and non-social in recent years. Although institutions such as the government and urban management argue that the objective of constructing spaces is to improve social life and tourism, in places such as Valiasr Square, the stagnation of social life is problematic. It seems that one-sided political tendencies toward space as a platform for the government to show its power position have frequently resulted in the elimination or diminution of the share and interest of groups of stakeholders in public space. Social inequality in space efficiency as a result of a biased approach calls into question the meaning of public space as a place belonging to the public. The reasons for the failure of government public spaces such as Valiasr Square can be the lack of full-fledged and inclusive processes to create a common place with an unexpected nature and accessibility to different groups of society. Therefore, social and tourism approaches to public spaces should not be atomistic and need to stay away from partiality. Space should be used as both an object and a tool to dominate and display power. Adopting a holistic approach to space as a common property of power institutions and members of the public and society can provide the possibility of forming citizenship and social life.
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in cities implementing lockdown measures, causing unprecedented disruption (e.g. school/shop/office closures) to urban life often extending over months. With the ...spread of COVID-19 now being relatively contained, many cities have started to ease their lockdown restrictions by phases. Following the phased recovery strategy proposed by the UK government following the first national lockdown, this paper utilises Greater London as its case study, selecting three main reopening measures (i.e., schools, shops and hospitality reopening). This paper applies sentiment analysis and topic modelling to explore public opinions expressed via Twitter. Our findings reveal that public attention towards the reopening measures reached a peak before the date of policy implementation. The attitudes expressed in discussing reopening measures changed from negative to positive. Regarding the discussed topics related to reopening measures, we find that citizens are more sensitive to early-stage reopening than later ones. This study provides a time-sensitive approach for local authorities and city managers to rapidly sense public opinion using real-time social media data. Governments and policymakers can make use of the framework of sensing public opinion presented herein and utilise it in leading their post-lockdown cities into an adaptive, inclusive and smart recovery.
•Twitter data timely capture the public opinion regarding reopening policies.•Sentiment analysis reveals public attitudes to reopening measures.•Topic modelling was utilised for exploring topics about reopening.•Urban citizens are more sensitive to the earlier lockdown lifting measures•Public attention to announcements provides early feedback to implementation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Increasing uses of urban services enhance urban management efficiency and also favor social, environmental, and economic sustainability. This research analyzes how users' city attachment levels and ...other personal determinants contribute to their uses of urban services. Focusing on the city of Zaragoza (Spain), the empirical study reveals that personal attitudes and needs, possession of user cards, and education levels have positive influences on the use of urban services. City attachment affects use indirectly through attitude. This study also presents some innovative approaches to advance the development of smart cities and suggests implications for managing citizen-oriented urban services to achieve higher living standards.
•Benefits for smart cities derived from a higher use of urban services are reviewed.•The relevance of city attachment for urban services management is analyzed.•Personal attitudes and needs have a positive influence on the use of urban services.•Holding user cards and the level of education also affect the use of urban services.•City attachment affects the use of urban services indirectly via attitude.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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