Word games are one of the most essential factors of vocabulary learning and matching letters to form words for children aged 5–12. These games help children to improve letter and word recognition, ...memory-building, and vocabulary retention skills. Since Uzbek is a low-resource language, there has not been enough research into designing word games for the Uzbek language. In this paper, we develop two models for designing the cubic-letter game, also known as the matching-letter game, in the Uzbek language, consisting of a predefined number of cubes, with a letter on each side of each six-sided cube, and word cards to form words using a combination of the cubes. More precisely, we provide the opportunity to form as many words as possible from the dataset, while minimizing the number of cubes. The proposed methods were created using a combination of a character-level n-gram model and letter position frequency in words at the level of vowels and consonants. To perform the experiments, a novel dataset, consisting of 4.5 k 3–5 letter words, was created by filtering based on child age groups for the Uzbek language, and three more datasets were generated, based on the support of experts for the Russian, English, and Slovenian languages. Experimental evaluations showed that both models achieved good results in terms of average coverage. In particular, the Vowel Priority (VL) approach obtained reasonably high coverage with 95.9% in Uzbek, 96.8% in English, and 94.2% in the Slovenian language in the case of eight cubes, based on the five-fold cross-validation method. Both models covered around 85% of five letter words in Uzbek, English, and Slovenian datasets, while this coverage was even higher (99%) in three letter words in the case of eight cubes.
Currently, there is an active development of the Uzbek sector of the Internet. In it, as in other national sectors, the most common form of presentation of textual information is semi-structured ...documents, work that presupposes the availability of reliable algorithms for text analysis, including its lexical characteristics. The article offers an intelligent web application developed for morphological analysis of words in the Uzbek language. The web application is based on the concept of generation and stem analysis of the Uzbek language word forms. A well-known Porter algorithm was chosen as the basis for stemming. The morphoanalyzer generates word forms of the Uzbek language based on the division of words into certain classes, taking into account the specifics and structure of this language. For example, nouns can be classified by meaning (related, nominal), by quantity (singular and plural), by case, and also, by the endings of belonging (possessive).
Wh-in-situ languages have a special role to play in investigatin the relation between the wh-syntax of a language and the availability of sluicing-like constructions (SLCs). Van Craenenbroeck and ...Lipták (2013) propose that whether a language exhibits genuine sluicing should be predictable from the syntax of the language's wh-questions in nonelliptical contexts. We refine this formulation by considering SLCs in two contrasting wh-in-situ languages, Hindi-Urdu and Uzbek. Hindi-Urdu wh-movement occurs in the narrow syntax, but is obscured by PF processes; in Uzbek, no narrow syntax dependency is involved. Correspondingly, only Hindi-Urdu SLCs involve genuine sluicing; Uzbek SLCs are derived from reduced copular clauses. Thus, narrow syntax wh-movement may be obscured by lower-copy pronunciation in nonelliptical environments; the head of the wh-chain is then pronounced in combination with ellipsis, but not otherwise. Here, we demonstrate that the availability of genuine sluicing in Hindi-Urdu and Uzbek corresponds directly to the specific properties of their wh-systems, but not necessarily to the surface position of wh-material in a typical constituent question.
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The article provides a review of the computer program “Uy logopedi” - “Home speech therapist”, used in the speech therapist to correct speech in preschool children with the Uzbek language of ...instruction. The characteristic features of the application of programs to the solution of speech therapy tasks are revealed.
This article outlines the pragmatic features of antithesis in literary texts and is analyzed using examples from English and Uzbek fiction. It can be said that pragmatics is the semantics of language ...in action and the totality of conditions that accompany the use of a language sign. Antithesis is a stylistic device that is created by presenting opposite meaning words. Its provision is mostly seen in literary texts and the texts of fictions are of high importance to investigate thoroughly
XXI. yüzyılın dünya dilbiliminde insan faktörü, dil incelenmesinin ana
konusu haline geldi. Bunun sonucunda “insan+kültür+dil” üçgenine
dayanan yeni dilbilim dalları ortaya çıktı. Bununla beraber ...kültürel dilbilim,
edim dilbilimi, ruhbilimsel dilbilim, bilişsel dilbilim, toplumsal dilbilim,
çağrışım dilbilimi gibi dilbilim kolları doğmuş oldu. Bu dallar, ana dili
konuşurunun kognitif, psikolojik, kültürel, ulusal ve sosyal özellikleri;
toplumun ortak dilinin tarihi, milli gelenekleri, siyasi ve kültürel belirtileri
yanı sıra söz konusu ülkenin coğrafi koşulları ile etkileşimini dikkate alarak
hedef dili incelemektedirler. Çağrışım dilbilimi, ana dili konuşurlarının
zihninde belirli kavramlarla alakalı ortaya çıkan çağrışımları inceler.
Dolayısıyla, çağrışım sözlüklerinin yazılmasına gerek duyulmuştur. Yirminci
yüzyılında yayımlanan birçok dilin çağrışım sözlükleri Özbek bilim
insanlarının dikkatini çekti. Özbek Türkçesinin bir çağrışım sözlüğünün
hazırlama çabalarının başlatılmasına neden oldu. Bu makalede çağrışım
sözlüklerinin hazırlanması tarihi, çağrışım sözlüklerini yapmanın teorik ve
pratik yöntemleri, Özbek Türkçesi çağrışım sözlüğünü oluşturmaya yönelik
çalışmalar, çağrışımları inceleme ilkeleri, bu sözlüğün yapısı ele alınacaktır.
Öz
Bu çalışma, Divânü Lügâti’t Türk ve Kâşgarlı Mahmud üzerine Kazakistan’da yapılan çalışmalar hakkında açıklamalı bir kaynakça denemesidir. Çalışmada, kütüphane, kitap, dergi, tez gibi kaynaklardan ...araştırma yapılarak elde edilen bilgiler açıklamalı bibliyografya şeklinde verilmiştir. Çalışmada, Divânü Lügâti’t Türk üzerine Kazakistan’da hangi konularda daha çok çalışmalar yapıldığı da tespit edilmiştir. Divânü Lûgati’t-Türk üzerine yapılan çalışmalarda Kazakistan’daki hangi kitapların daha çok kaynak eser olarak kullanıldığı da çalışma esnasında incelenip tespit edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda Divânü Lügâti’t Türk’ün Türkçe, Kazakça, Azerice, Özbekçe, Uygurca, Rusça ilk çevirileri hakkında da bilgiler verilmiştir. Çalışmada tarama yöntemi kullanılarak ulaşılan kaynaklar açıklamalı olarak değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Bir kültür hazinesi olan Divânü Lûgati’t-Türk, bir taraftan XI. yüzyılın söz gücünün etkisini ve çeşitliliğini ortaya koymakta, bir diğer taraftan da o dönemde halkın yaşamını yansıtan, söz varlığıyla maddî ve manevî kültürümüzü ortaya koyan, Türk kültürünün tarihe kaynaklık eden önemli bir eserdir. Divânü Lügâti’t Türk, sadece Türk diline ait bilgilerden oluşmamakta; Türk kültürüne ait birçok bilgiyi de içinde barındırmaktadır. Bu açıdan Türk kültürünün aynası olan Divânü Lügâti’t Türk, Türk dili ve kültürünün temel kaynaklarındandır. Bu dil ve kültür zenginliğini barındırdığı Türk halklarından birisi de Kazak toplumudur. Kâşgarlı Mahmud’un sözlüğünde Kazak halkının dil ve kültür zenginliği örneklerinin çoğu korunmuş ve günlük yaşamda da kullanılmaktadır. Örneğin at kültürü ve atlara verilen isimler Kazak toplumunda günümüzde hâlâ kullanılmaktadır. Divânü Lûgati’t-Türk’de geçen dil özellikleri de Kazak halkının günlük yaşamında kullanılmaktadır. Türk kültürünün temel kaynağı niteliğindeki bu eser Kazak bilim adamları tarafından da çeşitli konularda inceleme ve araştırma konusu olmuştur.
Abstract
This study is a tryout of descriptive bibliography on the works carried out in Kazakhstan on Divânü Lügâti't Türk and Kâşgarlı Mahmud. In the study, information obtained from researches in such as library, book, journal, thesis is given in the form of a descriptive bibliography. In this study, it was also determined which studies on Divânü Lügâti’t Türk have been done in Kazakhstan. During the studies on Divânü Lûgati’t-Türk, it was examined and determined which books in Kazakhstan were used as more source work. Information about the first translations of Divânü Lügâti’t Türk into Turkish, Kazakh, Azerbaijani, Uzbek, Uighur, Russian were also given. In the study, the sources reached by using the screening method were evaluated with explanations. Divânü Lûgati’t-Türk, which is a cultural treasure, on one hand, reveals the impact and diversity of the word power of the eleventh century, on the other hand, it is an important work reflecting the life of the people in that period, revealing our material and spiritual culture with vocabulary, and being the source of Turkish culture to history. The Divanü Lügâti't Türk does not consist only of information about the Turkish language; It contains a lot of knowledge belonging to Turkish culture. In this respect, Divânü Lügâti’t Türk, which is the mirror of Turkish culture, is one of the main sources of Turkish language and culture. Kazakh society is one of the Turkic comunities with rich language and culture. Many of the examples of the language and culture richness of the Kazakh people are preserved and used in everyday life in the Kâşgarlı Mahmud's dictionary. For example, horse culture and horses are still used today in the Kazakh community. The language characteristics of the DLT are also used in the daily life of the Kazakh people. This work, which is the main source of Turkish culture, has also been the topic of research and investigation by various Kazakh scientists
When speaking on a topic, reading / listening comprehension creates sufficient conditions to test the student's lexical skills.Despite the fact that the goal of studying a foreign language lexicon ...was to conduct speech, working on lexical units during the period of acquaintance (Presentation, Presentation) and exercise (training, activation) was the primary task, when going to the stage of application, speech serves as the primary, and lexical as the engine, that is, building material. ...it is natural for lexical skills to be included in the composition of speech skills. Key words: foreign language, learners, well-structured, knowledge, skills, abilities, speech, positively assess, informants, alphabetical order Introduction In the education system of Uzbekistan, the first-year students, graduates of secondary special education, are expected to have higher levels according to the European Standards of Foreign Language Proficiency. Summarizing these requirements and levels, first-year foreign language learners should have the following skills: the applicant can understand the main ideas of complex texts on specific and abstract topics, including technical discussions in the field of specialization; can interact with each other with a level of dialogue and self-awareness, which is not a problem for both parties; can develop a clear and detailed text on topical issues, providing advantages and disadvantages in different options; can understand many demanding and long texts, can express himself fluently; can use language flexibly and effectively for social, scientific and professional purposes; can demonstrate the ability to produce clear, well-structured, detailed text on complex topics, to organize speech well, and to use connectors and a unifying device (Trim, 2011).
This article examines the initial denials in the Uzbek language related to cult and faith. In the process of researching the genesis of words related to cult and faith and widely used in the Uzbek ...language, one can observe the fact that most of them are found in "Avesto", and they also have separate Avestan elements. In the Uzbek language, there is a number of words associated with religious worship, the genetic analysis of which shows that these words have a very ancient basis, and the Turkic people also made a significant contribution to their appearance. The word bomdod in the Old Uzbek language, and in the modern literary language, and in dialects means the name of a prayer inherent in the Islamic religion, its genesis is associated with the Zoroastrian faith. Because the word bomdod has historically acquired the structure bom + dod, part of bom is found as the name of the deity who controls the sun during its rising, which in the "Avesto" is referred to as Bamyah...
The purpose of this study is to shed light on a comparative study of Voice Onset Time (VOT) values produced by Uzbek speakers of English and native speakers of American English. The study aimed to ...determine significant differences in terms of the VOT value in pronunciation of voiced and voiceless stop consonants in word-initial positions. Scholarly sources on the comparative study of Uzbek and English phonetics suggest that most of the Uzbek stop consonants possess similar qualities to those of English stop sounds (Abduazizov 1992; Yusupov 2013). A descriptive comparison of Uzbek and English consonants demonstrates the difference between the two languages in isolated forms rather than in speech. This study is motivated by the fact that little is known about recent studies on the instrumental comparative study of English plosives produced by Uzbek speakers of American English. In addition, so far, no studies have been carried out in VOT analysis of English sounds produced by Uzbek speakers. The research was conducted through voice recording and analyses of data collected from Uzbek speakers and American native speakers. Recordings of 3240 overall tokens were collected and analyzed using Praat phonetic software. The mean VOT values obtained from both subject groups have been compared and statistically tested using the Independent Samples t-test. The research findings show that Uzbek subjects' and American native subjects' VOT values differ significantly. However, there are a few words (9 out of 52) where the differences in the VOT values of the two subject groups are not statistically significant. The research presents implications for teaching pronunciation of English plosive sounds in word-initial positions where a stop consonant followed by a vowel sound to Uzbek speakers of English by taking into account the periodic measurement of consonants. In addition, there are implications for future research that might explore other features of VOT produced by Uzbek language speakers.
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