Traditionally, the academy understands that the infinitive’s temporal reference in prepositional constructions depends on the combination of tense form and the preposition itself. However, this does ...not explain the many cases in which different temporal contexts use the same tense form, even with prepositions often assumed to function in specific time relations. This study applies verbal aspect theory for such constructions and demonstrates how the aspectual approach becomes important in exegesis. Moreover, deictic markers help us determine the time reference of infinitive verbs within prepositional phrases and not the construction itself
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Traditionally, the academy understands that the infinitive’s temporal reference in prepositional constructions depends on the combination of tense form and the preposition itself. However, this does ...not explain the many cases in which different temporal contexts use the same tense form, even with prepositions often assumed to function in specific time relations. This study applies verbal aspect theory for such constructions and demonstrates how the aspectual approach becomes important in exegesis. Moreover, deictic markers help us determine the time reference of infinitive verbs within prepositional phrases and not the construction itself
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This volume investigates the functional-semantic field of aspectuality in relation to the role of language contact in the development of minority languages in Italy and beyond, highlighting hitherto ...completely unknown parallels, e.g. contact-induced development of progressive and prospective verbal periphrases. The influences of the dominant languages surface not only in Slavic derivational verbal aspect, but also in the restructuring of morphosyntactic reflexes of aspect. Aspectuality is examined in relation to Slavic micro-languages spoken in Italy (Molise Slavic, Resian, Tersko, Nadiško), Austria (Burgenland Croatian), Germany (Upper Sorbian), Albania (Kaj-nas) and the Baltic, as well as in relation to Arbëresh, Cimbrian, Griko, Lithuanian and Macedonian.
Este trabalho elegeu como objeto de estudo duas construções aspectuais da língua portuguesa: V1ANDAR + V2GERÚNDIO e V1VIVER + V2GERÚNDIO. A partir de uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa de 542 ...dados coletados no banco de dados do Corpus do Português (https://www.corpusdoportugues.org/), num recorte sincrônico que contemplou três séculos (XVIII, XIX e XX), avaliou-se a hipótese de que tais construções seriam variantes linguísticas. Os resultados acusaram que, a despeito de ambas as construções evocarem a noção de iteração, elas não são variantes linguísticas. Constatou-se que a construção cujo auxiliar é o verbo VIVER denota uma noção aspectual cujo limite do tempo interno é desconhecido, enquanto a construção que tem ANDAR como verbo auxiliar traduz uma noção aspectual cujo limite de tempo e sua duração são conhecidos. Identificou-se, ainda, que as construções introduzidas pelo verbo ANDAR são mais susceptíveis a serem ambíguas do que aquelas introduzidas pelo verbo VIVER.
Abstract The process by which awareness and/or knowledge of linguistic categories arises from exposure to patterns in data alone, known as emergence, is the corner stone of usage-based approaches to ...language. The present paper zooms in on the types of patterns that language users may detect in the input to determine the content, and hence the nature, of the hypothesised morphological category of aspect. The large-scale corpus and computational studies we present focus on the morphological encoding of temporal information as exemplified by aspect (imperfective/perfective) in Polish. Aspect is so heavily grammaticalized that it is marked on every verb form, yielding the practice of positing infinitival verb pairs (‘do’ = ‘robićimpf/zrobićpf’) to represent a complete aspectual paradigm. As has been shown for nominal declension, however, aspectual usage appears uneven, with 90% of verbs strongly preferring one aspect over the other. This makes the theoretical aspectual paradigm in practice very gappy, triggering an acute sense of partialness in usage. Operationalising emergence as learnability, we simulate learning to use aspect from exposure with a computational implementation of the Rescorla-Wager rule of associative learning. We find that paradigmatic gappiness in usage does not diminish learnability; to the contrary, a very high prediction accuracy is achieved using as cues only the verb and its tense; contextual information does not further improve performance. Aspect emerges as a strongly lexical phenomenon. Hence, the question of cognitive reality of aspectual categories, as an example of morphological categories in general, should be reformulated to ask which continuous cues must be learned to enable categorisation of aspectual outcomes. We discuss how the gappiness of the paradigm plays a crucial role in this process, and how an iteratively learned, continuously developing association presents a possible mechanism by which language users process their experience of cue-outcome co-occurrences and learn to use morphological forms, without the need for abstractions.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The paper offers an analysis of selected uses of the Polish perfective and imperfective in the non-past indicative and in the imperative construction. In uses under consideration, both the perfective ...and the imperfective refer to a single complete occurrence of a telic process and, hence, the semantic contrast between them is not a matter of distinctions such as boundedness/unboundedness, completion/non-completion, telicity/atelicity, punctuality/durativity, etc. The paper presents a qualitative analysis of selected corpus examples which is aimed at elucidating the nature of the relevant contrast. The claim advocated in the course of the discussion is that the perfective/imperfective contrast may play a role in the system of clausal grounding in Polish, as it may convey the idea of, respectively, epistemic and/or effective non-immediacy/immediacy of the profiled process relative to the ground.
Prispevek obravnava kategorijo glagolskega vida v rezijanščini, slovenski manjšinski jezikovni zvrsti, ki se govori v dolini Rezija, v pokrajini Furlanija - Julijska krajina, v Italiji na meji s ...Slovenijo. Po kratkem opisu vidskega morfemskega nabora (prefiksacija, sufiksacija in supletivizem) se osredotočam na tvorbo aspektnih enot, ki daleč presegajo tradicionalni aspektni par ter vključujejo vidske trojčke in četverčke. Namen prispevka je prikazati funkcije sekundarnih imperfektivov glede na vidsko enoto, ki ji pripadajo.
This paper examines the hypothesis that, in the languages which developed articles and in those which have grammaticalized the verbal aspect, the two categories perform similar functions in the ...coding of referentiality. In particular, the research is focused on the construction Verb - Object referring to so-called typical and usual events; it takes “READ THE NEWSPAPER” as an example, both in Italian and Russian. The contrastive analysis, based mainly on the comparable corpora of the Araneum family and, due to the scarcity of data, only partly on the Russian-Italian parallel corpus of the NKRJA, confirmed the hypothesis, at least as regards the construction under study. The investigation showed that in Italian there is a very strong correspondence between the -referential interpretation of the object and the definite article, while Russian exhibits a rather strong correspondence between the -referential interpretation of the object and the imperfective aspect. The assignment of a ± referential value to the object nouns in Russian, a language without articles, and to nouns with the definite article in Italian, which in constructions referring to typical events receive a -referential reading, was based on context. In fact, in both languages, in order to identify the ± referential status of nouns, it was necessary to take into account the temporal, modal, and actional characteristics of the respective verbs, the typical or occasional nature of the event, and the role of other elements of the sentence, such as adverbs or nouns that refer to customs and habits. The generalization resulting from the research can be extended to other typical events, mainly those referring to activities involving information, entertainment, and leisure, which are similarly marked with the definite article in Italian and the imperfective aspect in Russian. However, the notion of “typicality” turns out to be elusive, as it is strongly culture-specific and determined by the verbal and situational context.
This paper addresses the relationship between habituals, including expressions of unbounded repetition, and verbal aspect. It is often assumed that past events that are conceptualized as habitually ...occurring or repeated in an unbounded way are inherently expressed by imperfective verb forms in languages with verbal aspect. A crosslinguistic analysis is provided of the relationship between habituals and the perfective and imperfective aspect, based on analysis of 36 languages from different language families. It is shown that there is a strong but certainly not absolute association between the imperfective and habitual constructions/expressions of unbounded repetition with past reference. With respect to perfective habituals, some crosslinguistic patterns can be found. It is further argued that any account of the specific aspectual behavior in habituals must take heed of language-specific properties of the aspectual-verbal structure, and that using general, abstract comparative concepts, such as ‘perfective’, ‘imperfective’, or ‘habitual’, is insufficient to explain aspectual usage.
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