Prezentowany artykuł stanowi próbę analizy wybranych piosenek (songów) z użyciem narzędzi stosowanych przy badaniu utworów poetyckich. Autor, zainspirowany koncepcją piosenki jako przykładu poezji ...oralnej (Paul Zumthor), przeprowadził analizy metryczne, uzupełnione odniesieniami do semantyki i specyfiki stylistycznej analizowanych utworów. Dobór badanych tekstów miał ukazać, że każdy z nich należy do innego „świata muzycznego” i wyróżnia się odrębną autorską poetyką, co otwiera pole do dyskusji nad strategiami twórczymi poetów i „tekściarzy”. Omówione piosenki należą do pięciu różnych stylistycznie odmian popularnych songów: łagodniejszej odmiany rocka (Marek Grechuta), ballady gitarowej (Edmund Fetting), synth popu (Halina Frąckowiak), bluesa (Tadeusz Nalepa) oraz ostrzejszej formy piosenki rockowej (Kora i Maanam). Artykuł dotyczy problematyki wersologicznej w poetyce gatunku piosenki. Kluczem wyboru była wartość tekstów songów oraz twórczości danego artysty.
The aim of the study is to present and specify the possibilities of quantitative-corpus analysis of verse, which was characteristic for the work of the representatives of the avant-garde movement of ...Slovak surrealism (Rudolf Fábry, Július Lenko, Vladimír Reisel, Štefan Žáry and others). The study contains three chapters. The first one summarizes the previous research on the verses of Slovak surrealism and characterizes its general features. Then, isolated attempts at quantitative analysis of surrealist verse are presented and critically evaluated. The conclusion presents the possibilities of quantitative research on surrealist verse in digital processing, with the need to create a digital corpus of poetic texts that could be used for the analysis of a variety of versiological problems. The aim should be not only the digitisation of surrealist texts, but of the whole complex of Slovak poetry, so that selected problems can also be studied in their interrelations and from developmental aspects. From the methodological point of view, the study follows the current research in the field of quantitative versology.
Comparative research in versology. The place of comparative literature in Slovak literary studies from the 1960s. Mikuláš Bakoš’s inspiration by the model of historical poetics in his writing on the ...Slovak verse in the late 1930s. The influence of Russian formalism and Czech structuralism (J. Mukařovský, J. Levý). The focus on the stylistic and typological aspect in verse analysis. The effort towards the symbiosis of the structuraldevelopmental and the traditional historical-critical approaches. The inspiration by Jozef Felix’s emphasis on the universal message of the finest French and world literature for the development of Slovak literature. The contribution of the theory of literary communication for the analysis of Slovak reception of translations from Russian literature (A. Popovič). The re-evaluation of the term “influence” on the basis of a dialectical understanding of the roles of comparative literature (D. Ďurišin). The aspect of the developmental progress of national literatures. The central role of poetic rhythm through the specific application of metric accent in comparing Slovak verse with French and Spanish verse (L. Franek). The meaning of comparative study of poetry in symbiosis with objective-normative and subjective-critical criteria in relation to aesthetic level of translations. The unity of theoretical and empirical research as a reliable instrument in contemporary search for literary and cultural identity of nations (Slovak translations of Paul Claudel).
The article is an attempt at a close reading of the poem 17 czerwca (“17 June”) by Czesław Miłosz. The author starts with a versological analysis, supposed to indicate in what way the poet achieved ...the tonal effects in the text. The interpretation that has been conducted makes visible a semantic unsolvability, which—according to the author—is born in the poem and, once discerned, cannot be easily neutralized.
Verse forms may be employed as bearers of semantic values. The present paper intends to show the richness of this resource in literary texts. The semantic values of particular verse structures are ...interpreted here in terms of the semiotic categories introduced by C. S. Peirce: as symptoms, symbols, or iconic signs. The basis for this kind of reflection is earlier systematic study of various verse forms and their linguistic morphology conducted by a group of Polish and Slavic researchers (as part of the Comparative Slavic Metrics programme).The semantic value can be attributed to the fact that verse forms function as filters of various linguistic units. It is why the metrical organisation of a text determines its stylistic characteristics. A verse form may be employed and interpreted in many different ways; for instance, to represent the social status of the speaker or to differentiate between various literary genres. Many metrical forms perform an iconic function. Some semantic values are derived from the intertextual relationships of a poem. Verse structure may also be seen as a kind of author’s signature. It may also be employed to perform axiological functions.
In 1984, Adam Kulawik, one of the most eminent researchers amongst the Polish theoreticians of versification, published a revolutionary article The principle of verse organization. He showed a ...completely new approach to the understanding of the versification system, metrics and so on. In fact, his article created a new paradigm of verse-thinking further elaborated in other books by Kulawik (e.g. Verse Theory 1995, Versification 1999). The goal of this article is to show the influence and after-effects of Kulawik’s works on the contemporary Polish verse theory.
The author discusses the problem of the semantic value of verse structure and its importance for the interpretation of poetry. Various metrical forms acquire their stylistic distinctness and profile, ...and become elements of the semiotic system of a given culture. Intertextual allusions to these metrical forms are to be treated as vehicles of meaning and are very important for the interpretation of a text. It is argued that these allusions can also introduce axiological values. Two examples of such semiotic operations are analyzed. The first of these (the poem Why?, by Czesław Miłosz) illustrates the mechanism of strengthening the solemnity and authority of the uttered words, the mechanism of dignifying them, endowing them with a status of unquestionable revelations of truth. The second example (the poem Mona Lisa, by Zbigniew Herbert) serves as a presentation of the ways in which reliable speech can be restored and the object of an utterance degraded. The poet makes allusions to the specific form of the free verse characteristic for the style of Stanisław Różewicz’s post-war poetry, which imitates a very simple and sincere way of speaking. Its stylistic value is applied as an exponent of the authenticity and reliability of the speaking subject.
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