This study focuses on Chinese peasants’ behavioural logic after the abolition of agricultural taxes in 2006. The everyday words and deeds of the residents of an ordinary village in Gansu Province ...were observed and interpreted. Their behavioural logic can be conceptualized as ‘heteronomous rationality’, according to which one’s behavioural choice is based on whether one is treated equally and fairly in comparison with others. When deviations from this standard are observed, rural peasants are motivated to protest. This study further examines when and how this Chinese-style peasant egalitarianism was shaped.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Introduction: Motivation and retention of village health workers (VHWs) are crucial for the continuity, sustainability, and success of health programs. VHWs are the first point of contact for rural ...communities, providing health services to improve access and health coverage which, for a variety of logistical reasons, cannot be reached by the district health care system. Thus VHWs are critical for ultimately ensuring universal health coverage. However, systematic review revealed that there are numerous factors that affects their motivation and retention, leading to high dropout rates and hampering the delivery of health services to the community. This review intends to examine contextual factors affecting motivation and retention of VHWs in their roles and identify recommendations and strategies to motivate and retain them in the systems.
Method: Five electronic databases and two search engines were accessed. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria for the final review. An in-depth reading of all the articles was undertaken to gather and compile the relevant themes. Content analysis was done based on the list of specific categories that are relevant to motivation and retention.
Result: Findings from the systematic review revealed different levels of factor affecting motivation and retention of village health workers. It was finally contextualized and categorized into four main domains such as individual, family, social or community and organizational or systems levels. Financial incentives under the organizational factors was highlighted for the demotivation and the discontentment for the VHWs.
Conclusion: Financial factors under the organization were often key in the studies reviewed. However, there were also many other factors, sometimes surprising or unintuitive, influencing the motivation and retention of village health workers.
The sociological cognitive framework of analyzing and interpreting the village time is founded on the trilogy of human, man's and humanity time. The general theoretical approach is specified on the ...village time with the sovereignty of human time, peasant's (man's) time and the village community (humanity) time. All three types of time have special roles, functions, importance, meaning and sense in the constitutive and regulatory establishment of the method of production of the village and social life on the whole. In their interference, the energy is manifested of the absolute zero point of the social universe time, as man's - social time. The work sketches an ideal-type form of the village time, which can be only a theoretical-methodological means revealing logos assumptions of the positive correlation of the human, peasant's and village community time. Such ideal-type form of the village of time has a cognitive and practical character. The cognitive one implies discovering the symmetry of human, peasant's and humanity time of the village community, and the causes of the appearance of asymmetry. The practical one implies the construction of a constitutive and regulatory structure of the social system of a certain society and the place and role of the village community in that society, with the aim of achieving progress as the fulfilment of fundamental human needs.
Human development in Bali continues to progress, but there are still complicated problems, namely the economic equality of Bali. The acceleration of rural development is a step taken by the ...government at this time both at the national and regional levels. To that end, as an option that is expected to be taken is the development of new attractions in the area of Bali, including the development of coastal tourism along the coast of the island of Bali. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of the role of the stakeholders (central and local government, local village) on strengthening the economic efforts of the people and the welfare of the village community through the creativity of the village community and the development of village tourism in the coastal tourism village of Bali Province. The sample of this research area was determined by purposive sampling (16 sample villages), while the respondent population were stakeholders in the coastal village area (192 respondents). Data collected through questionnaires and was analyzed using descriptive analysis and inferential analysis (path diagram, multiple linear regression arranged in the form of structural equation models (SEM). The results stated that the role of the central government had the most positive and significant influence on the creativity of village communities, the development of village tourism, and the strengthening of people's economic efforts. Whereas the positive and significant direct effect on the welfare of village communities is the strengthening of democratic economic endeavors.
This study focuses on the effect of spatial arrangement initiated by village community on environmental improvement. It takes Candirejo Village in Borobudur, Magelang Regency in Indonesia as a case ...study. Candirejo Village, located about 3 km south east of UNESCO world heritage list Borobudur Temple, has been renowned as an ecotourism village since 2003. Previous research shows that it has a long history to reach the current achievement. The initiative started around 1980 through a yard cleaning program and planting more productive trees and greeneries inside the settlement area. This study aims to reveal how this community-based spatial arrangement has brought positive effects on the village environment. It uses qualitative method by using and analysing data gathered through field observation, interviews and literature study. The finding shows that the implementation of yard cleaning and spatial arrangement program had resulted better condition which leads to sustainable village environmental improvement. 3444
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
State hegemony over forest areas in practice is indeed more favorable to forestry corporations and eliminates a village community access. Data analyzed using Antonio Gramsci's hegemony theory and ...Laclau and Mouffe's hegemony to understand the movements of villagers to regain access to the forests. The results of this study indicate the emergence of antagonism between rural communities and companies was the impact of the abandonment of villagers from the forestry development. NGOs, as an organic intellectual has succeeded strengthen the village institutions to fight for remaining forests through permit of village forest, even though they have to compete with the biggest forestry company. The Permit of Village Forest in Kampar Peninsula has become the first social forestry permit in Riau Province. This condition is a fact the slow return of forest access to rural communities through social forestry programs. The Program of Social Forestry that was recently introduced by the state was not a counter-hegemony (victory of the villagers against state hegemony), but it is reinforcing hegemony of state over forest areas.
The purpose of this study was to clarify the handing down of a martial art in a Japanese village community, focusing as an example on the Shinto Katori-Ryu School. The Shinto Katori-Ryu School was ...established in Kamigawara from the mid Edo period. Kamigawara was a farm village, and the members of the school were farmers. The Shinto Katori-ryu School was characterized by the following features. 1. There was no specific master exponent at the school, and the coaching was done by the village elders. Generally, at most Japanese martial art schools, a magnate or an authority acted as a master. 2. Only the eldest sons of the village were coached, and were referred to as sozokunin, meaning “heirs”. Learners at other schools are usually referred to as “pupils”, but this was not the case here. In order to become a sozokunin, a rite of passage known as kenjyutsu denjyu was necessary. 3. The school taught not only kenjutsu, but also methods of treating plague, and was dedicated to the god of a shrine. In addition, details of village regulation were also taught. The Shinto Katori-ryu School was closely related to village affairs, and was aimed at educating people within the village. In this way it was recognized as a “folk movement” unique to Kamigawara. After the Meiji era, the school traditions were handed down until World War 2, while maintaining the relations close to local society. Therefore, after the modern era, it was not assimilated by budo and kobudo. Later, like many folk customs, the tradition was swept aside during the period of rapid economic growth. The organization of a martial art has generally been understood as adhering to the iemoto system. However, the organization of the Shinto Katori-ryu School took a different form, and is one example of a martial art that was nurtured and handed down by farmers.
This paper examines how the villagers of Pamsŏm village in Seoul acted as agents in configuring their own cultural identity which explores issues concerning Korea's Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) ...designation system. It delves in detail how villagers practice their ritual of Pamsŏm Pugundang kut 굿 amidst the complex process of continuity and change as a way of sustaining and promoting collective village identity. By examining the implications of this cultural practices in contemporary society, this paper ultimately raises the question of who constitutes the true legatee of traditional culture of Pamsŏm village. The cultural practice of the Pamsŏm Pugundang kut carried out by the villagers of Pamsŏm can be interpreted not merely as a critique of the dynamics of political and cultural heritage, but the reconstruction of villager's identity through the creation and continuation of their long village history. This study provides a useful case in examining a village community which describes in detail how the subject of this study constructs their cultural identity and faces the complex issues concerning Korea's ICH designation system.
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BFBNIB, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya-upaya yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat dan aparat desa dalam mempertahankan nilai-nilai luhur yang terdapat dalam aturan adat Semende yang ada di ...lingkungannya. Metode etnografi dengan pendekatan kualitatif digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi, serta dianalisis melalui reduksi data, penyajian, hingga penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Desa Ulu Danau memberikan kelonggaran dalam pelaksanaan adat, dan aparat desa telah mulai berupaya untuk mempertahankan aturan adat dengan memaksimalkan peran para pemuka adat, tokoh masyarakat, danwarga. The Efforts to Conserve Semende Customs in Ulu Danau Village, South Sumatera Province. This study aims to determine the efforts undertaken by the community and village officials in defending the noble values contained in the existing customs rules of Semende in the area. The ethnographic method with a qualitative approach is used to collect data through observation, interviews, and documentation, which are analyzed through data reduction, presentation, and finally can be drawn for conclusion. The results show that the villagers of Ulu Danau provide the concession for the implementation of custom, and the village officials have begun the efforts to maintain their custom rules to maximize the roles of traditional leaders, community leaders, and citizens.
Se estudia, a través de la documentación, la prensa, las fuentes literarias y la tradición oral, el paso de la violencia ritual intercomunitaria propia del mundo rural de Galicia a las actividades de ...índole societaria y política a fines del siglo XIX y primer tercio del siglo XX. Juzgadas en el pasado como un signo del carácter incivilizado de la población rural, esta variedad de «violencia horizontal» revela sin embargo una lógica interna relacionada con la defensa de la comunidad aldeana y el ciclo vital de los varones.
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