Uvod: Izbira primernega teoretičnega modela ali teorije zdravstvene nege je osnova za dobro prakso. V Sloveniji uporabljamo teoretični model Virginie Henderson, ki ga v članku primerjamo s ...teoretičnim modelom Imogene M. King in teorijo zdravstvene nege Hildegard E. Peplau.
Metode: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela s pregledom domače in tuje strokovne ter znanstvene literature. Uporabili smo metodo kritičnega branja javno dostopnih virov, navezujoč se na podatke iz doslej objavljenih knjig, člankov in ostale literature, ki se dotika izbrane teme. Spletno iskanje literature je bilo opravljeno preko vzajemne bibliografsko-kataložne baze podatkov (COBIB.SI) ter tujih podatkovnih baz, kot so Jupsline, Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). Za primerjavo teoretičnih modelov in teorije je bil uporabljen okvir za vrednotenje teoretičnih modelov in teorij po Jacqueline Fawcett.
Rezultati: Primerjani teoretična modela in teorija zdravstvene nege opišejo koncepte metaparadigme in odnose med njimi. Koncept zdravstvena nega je najpomembnejši v vseh teoretičnih modelih, cilj vseh pa je zdravje. Vse tri teoretičarke se manj poglabljajo v koncept okolje.
Diskusija in zaključek: Na področju uporabe teoretičnih modelov in teorij zdravstvene nege v zadnjih letih je narejenega premalo, medtem ko razvoj zdravstvene nege na drugih področjih hitro napreduje. Medicinske sestre morajo nadaljevati z raziskovanjem in razvojem teoretičnih modelov in teorij.
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Spoznanje, da je družba postala kompleksna, pomeni, da resnica o družbenih zadevah, kot o tem, kaj je skupno dobro ali kako uspešno je njegovo doseganje, ni več ena sama, tista na oblasti, ampak o ...pomembnih stvareh obstaja več dobro utemeljenih in enako veljavnih resnic. Zadeve iz domene javnega upravljanja so kompleksne, zato različni pogledi nimajo skupnega imenovalca in jih je treba obravnavati kot nesomerne oziroma globoke in nepremostljive. Družbene pojave je zato treba proučiti v zlatem rezu njihove dvojnosti, razpenjajoči se med razlago primarnih pomenov, ki so za sistem konstitutivni, vendar na nesomeren in razdvajajoč način, in razlago sekundarnih pomenov, ki edini podajo celovit pogled na vrednoteni pojav, vendar le v vsebinah, ki za nikogar niso bistvene.
V prispevku razpravljamo o vlogi naravnih dejavnikov, kot so plazovitost, poplavnost, osončenost, razglednost, količina meglenih in jasnih dni, vetrovnost, kakovost zraka, hrup ter pogostost toče in ...žleda, pri vrednotenju nepremičnin. Izhajamo iz hipoteze, da v Sloveniji ne obstaja kakovostna baza podatkov, primerna za neposredno vključitev v proces ocenjevanja vrednosti nepremičnin, ter da je subjektivno zaznavanje naravnih dejavnikov najbolj izraženo pri poplavnosti. Osrednji pripomoček za merjenje stališč je vprašalnik,na katerega je odgovorilo 307 udeležencev. Rezultati kažejo, da udeleženci največji vpliv na ceno in zadovoljstvo z nepremičninami pripisujejo smradu, plazovitosti in poplavnosti, pri odločitvi o nakupu nepremičnine pa poplavnosti, hrupu in osončenosti. Udeleženci menijo, da naravni dejavniki niso dovolj upoštevani, predvsem pri modelu množičnega vrednotenja nepremičnin, saj je njihov vpliv na cenomanjši od njihovega vpliva na zadovoljstvo. Kot razlog navajajo neustrezno zakonodajo in neustrezne standarde ocenjevanja vrednosti nepremičnin. Primerjalna analiza vključevanja poplavnosti v procesvrednotenja nepremičnin v Sloveniji in ZDA pa kaže, da Slovenija na tem področju zaostaja. Ugotavljamo, da je razlog pomanjkanje ažurne evidence nacionalnih kart poplavne nevarnosti, kar pomeni pomanjkanjevhodnih podatkov v procesu ocenjevanja. Ugotavljamo, da bi bilo upoštevanje naravnih dejavnikov korak k bolj objektivnemu vrednotenju nepremičnin in tudi k pravičnejšemu sistemu nepremičninskega obdavčenja ; This article discusses the role of natural factors, suchas landslides, floods, sun exposure, panoramic views, the amount of foggy days, the amount of clear days, wind, unpleasant smells, air quality, noise, and the frequency of hail and ice, in real estate appraisal. The discussion is based on the hypothesis that Slovenialacks a quality database of natural factors that would be adequate for direct inclusion in the real estate appraisal, and that subjective perception of natural factors is the most explicit in the flooding factor. The main tool used for evaluating the participants’viewpoints was a questionnaire through which 307 answers were collected. The results show that the biggest impact on the price is attributed to unpleasant smells, landslides and floods, while the biggest impact when buying a real estate is attributed to floods, noise and sun exposure. The participants think that natural factors are not sufficiently considered in the appraisal process, as their impact on the value is smaller than their impact on satisfaction with real estate. As the main cause, they define unsuitable legislation andunsuitable standards of the real estate appraisal. The comparison of inclusion of flooding in the real estate appraisal process in Slovenia and the US shows that Slovenia lags behind the US. It has been determined that the main cause for this lies in poor and not upto-date national flooding maps, which is reflected in insufficient input data in the real estate appraisal. It has been concluded that consideration of natural factors would contribute to more objective real estate appraisal and also to a more just real estate taxation system.
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SI: Množično vrednotenje nepremičnin omogoča stroškovno učinkovito ocenjevanje večjega števila nepremičnin na določen dan z uporabo standardiziranih postopkov in modelov vrednotenja nepremičnin. ...Rezultat množičnega vrednotenja je bolj ali manj natančna ocena tržne vrednosti nepremičnin, ki je odvisna od kakovosti modelov vrednotenja in podatkov o nepremičninah, potrebnih za ocenjevanje vrednosti. Prispevek obravnava generalno vrednotenje, katerega glavni rezultat so modeli vrednotenja nepremičnin za posamezne vrste nepremičnin. Predstavljene bodo značilnosti sistema množičnega vrednotenja nepremičnin s poudarkom na postopku oblikovanja modelov vrednotenja nepremičnin. EN: Mass real estate valuation enables cost effective appraisal of a large number of properties on a certain date,using standardized procedures and valuation models.The result is generalized appraised value of property,which is more or less accurate, depending on valuation models quality and quality of real estate data.The article describes the general real estate valuation which primarily results in mass valuation models.The focus is on general real estate valuation procedure.
V prispevku je obravnavano množično vrednotenje nepremičnin, ki omogoča stroškovno učinkovito ocenjevanje vrednosti večjega števila istovrstnih nepremičnin na določen dan z uporabo standardiziranih ...postopkov in modelov vrednotenja nepremičnin. Rezultat množičnega vrednotenja je bolj ali manj natančna ocena tržne vrednosti nepremičnine, ki je odvisna od kakovosti modelov vrednotenja in podatkov o nepremičninah, potrebnih za ocenjevanje vrednosti. Na kratko je predstavljen projekt obveščanja lastnikov nepremičnin o poskusno izračunani vrednosti nepremičnin z vidika generalnega vrednotenja nepremičnin. Nakazano je izboljšanje modelov vrednotenja nepremičnin na podlagi analiz stanja, značilnosti in trendov na trgih nepremičnin ter preučevanja prejetih pripomb lastnikov nepremičnin na poskusno izračunano vrednost nepremičnin in njihovega upoštevanja v skladu z merili množičnega vrednotenja nepremičnin, kar je eden izmed zadnjih korakov pri uvajanju množičnega vrednotenja nepremičnin ; This article describes the mass valuation system, which enables cost effective appraisal of many similar pieces real estate on a defined date with standardized procedures and mass valuation models. The key result of the system is a relatively accurate appraised market value, depending on the valuation models quality and the quality of real estate data needed for the value calculation. The Trial Value Determination and Notification Project is also described from the general valuation point of view. Valuation models improvement is indicated on the basis of market analyses and a study of property owners’ complaints about trial value determination according to the mass valuation standards, which is one of the last steps in the implementation of the mass valuation system.
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From the viewpoints of regional and agrarian geography and regional planning the author systematically analyze all main natural features and many regional social factors of the municipality of ...Moravče: bedrock, type of relief, altitude, inclination, water conditions (including flood conditions), climate conditions (particularly insolation), soil and vegetation, land use, population, settlements, and economy. On the basis of the analysis, a detailed partition of the municipality into small homogenous units is made, three in the valley and four in the hills. The book also deals with the evaluation of the landscape from the viewpoint of individual types of agricultural land use~determines the suitability of areas for cultivated fields, meadows, and orchards~and considers the quality of locations from the viewpoint of settlement. The book concludes with recommendations for the most suitable land use and a survey of the current irrational use of land.The synthetic maps and theme maps showing individual natural factors can be used to advantage in regional planning. Emphasis is placed on determining the interdependence of landscape factors and their joint influences, on the laws and causes governing individual phenomena, and on the comparison of microregions.
Razprava v povezavi s šolskim izborom Prešernovih pesmi obravnava problem vrednotenja Prešernovih pesmi. Sodobna didaktika književnosti pri izboru leposlovnih besedil v srednješolskih berilih ...priporoča predvsem upoštevanje recepcijskega in literarnozgodovinskega načela. Raziskava vrednotenjskih meril treh vodilnih prešernoslovcev druge polovice 20. stoletja prinaša spoznanje, da kljub temu, da med njimi obstajajo tudi pomembne razlike, literarni zgodovinarji najvišje vrednotijo predvsem formalno zapletene in recepcijsko zahtevne pesmi iz osrednjega obdobja Prešernove romantike. Čeprav se tudi pri dijakih pozna vpliv literarnozgodovinskega načela, ti najvišje vrednostijo formalno preprostejše in recepcijsko manj zahtevne Prešernove psmi, predvsem tiste, ki imajo zgodbo, so laže razumljive in omogočajo polno doživljanje.
Between the end of February 2007 and mid-February in 2008, 73 systematic surveys of waterbirds and raptors were carried out during 10-day periods at Cerknica polje (Southern Slovenia). The main ...objectives of our research were: to ascertain the abundance and temporal dynamics of the species occurring here, to specify their status, to make a comparison with the past period of systematic data gathering in the 1991-1992 period, to present estimates of the breeding, migrating and wintering populations, as well as to make, on these bases, a nature-conservancy evaluation of the area. Other ornithological data, acquired till the end of 2010, were gathered as well. Between the beginning of May and the beginning of September 2007, the water in the area virtually ran dry (it was retained only in the channels of the streams), while the surface itself was partially or fully icebound from mid-November 2007 till the beginning of February 2008. By the end of 2010, a total of 129 waterbird and raptor species were recorded at Cerknica polje, while in the 2007-2008 period 83 were registered. Dynamics of the species occurrence with more than nine observations made in the area is presented in a greater detail in the species overview. The breeding status was held by 27 bird species, while further seven were forage guests that bred in the vicinity of the study area. Most of the species (118) had the status of passage visitor, whereas those with the status of summer visitor (34) and winter visitor (40) were fewer. Among the recorded species, 34 were accidental and 21 rare visitors. There were 16 winter and seven summer residents, while year-round residents were six. In all 10-day periods of the research period, four species were recorded: Mallard Anas plathyrhynchos, Grey Heron Ardea cinerea, Buzzard Buteo buteo and Kestrel Falco tinnunculus. In more than 90% of 10-day periods, the Great Egret Ardea alba was recorded as well. In the 2007-2008 period, two species were eudominant (Mallard 27.2%, Buzzard 10.1%), whereas another two were dominant (Garganey Anas querquedula 7.4%, Coot Fulica atra 6.4%). Most individuals were registered at the end of March and in early April (up to 1,978 ind.), whereas the greatest numbers of species (48) were recorded in mid-April. Between May and August, the numbers of individuals and species were low owing to the dried up lake. The smallest area of occurrence was occupied by the Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo and a group of ducks of the genera Aythya, Bucephala and Mergellus. Gulls, egrets, herons, waders, harriers Circus sp. and the Red-footed Kestrel Falco vespertinus occurred in the greater part of the research area. 10 breeders fulfilled the criteria of the species of the greatest conservation importance, two of which (Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca and Curlew Numenius arquata) are species of global conservation concern, whereas seven are of conservation concern on a European scale. Among non-breeders, 14 waterbird species and raptors occurred in significant numbers (> 0.1% biogeographical population), five of which occurred at least occasionally with more than 1% of their biographical population. Two species (Red-necked Grebe Podiceps grisegena and Snipe Gallinago gallinago) breed in Slovenia only at Cerknica polje, while further six species have here at least 40% of their Slovenian breeding population
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