Urban and Industrial Water Conservation Methods provides comprehensive and practical information regarding water use for various different sectors and describes the most suitable conservation ...devices and techniques to reduce water consumption in urban environments. It demonstrates how these conservation devices and best practices can greatly and quickly increase the efficiency of water use in both new and existing buildings. Features:Examines conservation devices and techniques across residential, commercial, and institutional sectors.Provides practical advice on implementing water conservation methods for users across various industries.Explains how to quickly improve water efficiency by using cost-effective water-saving devices and techniques.Includes relevant international case studies to reinforce the content. Written by practicing water conservation consultants for a wide audience, including municipality authorities and decision-makers, researchers, and students alike, Urban and Industrial Water Conservation Methods applies to residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial end users.
Strategic irrigation planning and soil water conservation measure can be rewarding for increasing agricultural productivity in a humid subtropical climatic environment. Field experiments were ...conducted to evaluate broccoli yield response to crop water productivity (CWP), irrigation water productivity (IWP) and economics under varied irrigation regimes and mulching. Four levels of irrigation: surface irrigation at 1.0 IW/CPE (irrigation water to cumulative pan evaporation, I.sub.1 ), drip irrigation at 0.6 (I.sub.2 ), 0.8 (I.sub.3) and 1.0 (I.sub.4) of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and three mulches: none (M.sub.0 ), black polythene mulch (BPM, M.sub.1) and paddy straw mulch (PSM, M.sub.2) were examined. Among these treatments I.sub.3 M.sub.1 produced the higher yield (19.17 t ha.sup.-1 ), CWP, IWP and maximum benefit-cost ratio (BCR), being almost competitive with I.sub.3 M.sub.1 . Under scarcity of water, I.sub.2 M.sub.1 was an alternative. Drip irrigation could save 21.2-52.7% water over surface irrigation which accommodated 17.1 to 53.3% additional area under irrigation. Yield response factor and water-yield production function suggested the potential yield decrease in relation to increased deficit irrigation. However, a deficit drip irrigation scheduling with 0.8 ETc at a 3-day interval is optimum for increased curd yield, water productivity and economics of broccoli.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The prickly pear (Opuntia megasperma var. orientalis), a pivotal species for the ecological balance of Española Island in Galapagos, has witnessed a severe decline in its population due to the ...enduring presence of introduced feral goats over several decades. Additionally, the inherent slow recovery of this species, requiring several years of development, has contributed to its population decline. Several attempts were carried out to restore this species, but they were not successful due to the island’s extreme arid conditions. Subsequently, innovative water-saving technologies were introduced to ensure the survival and growth of the Opuntia species. Two water-saving technologies, Groasis Waterboxxsup.® and Hydrogel, were applied in two distinct treatments, the first involving Waterboxx solely, and the second combining Waterboxx with Hydrogel, alongside a control group. Planting involved two types of cacti: cladodes and seedlings. To safeguard against potential damage from giant tortoises and local birds, protective mesh fencing was installed around the plants. Each monitoring session recorded plant survival and growth, evaluating the impact of water-saving technologies on cactus survival, maximum plant height reached, age at the time of plant death, and growth achieved since planting. Additionally, the study assessed the influence of climate on plant survival and growth. Unfortunately, the employment of protective mesh fences and Waterboxx containers resulted in the unintended loss of specific bird species. Consequently, a decision was taken to remove these protective measures, resulting in a substantial rise in herbivorous activity, and the subsequent mortality of nearly all plants. Our findings underscore the efficacy of water-saving technologies in Opuntia restoration. However, successful application necessitates a better understanding of these technologies within the unique conditions of the island. Future endeavors should focus on refining these techniques to minimize avian mortality while fostering biodiversity and restoring ecological equilibrium.
The Ngalun Aik tradition has strong roots and has become an identity in the life of the people of Aik Dewa Village. On the other hand, the spring in Aik Dewa Village not only acts as a source of ...clean water for daily needs but also plays an important role in local rituals and beliefs related to survival. Therefore, the role of local traditions such as Ngalun Aik is becoming increasingly important to explore and understand in spring conservation efforts. This research uses a qualitative approach to gain an understanding of the educational value of spring conservation in the Ngalun Aik tradition. The respondents in this research involved six male and four female key persons, representing religious leaders, traditional leaders, community leaders, and groups of young men and women. Based on documentation, observation, and interview findings, it can be concluded that the Ngalun Aik tradition in Aik Dewa Village is not only a cultural ritual but also a strong educational platform about the importance of environmental conservation and natural resource management. Through ritual processions, people express their appreciation for water sources as sacred gifts of nature. This tradition teaches the educational values of maintaining water quality, sustainable water management, and environmental awareness to the younger generation. Ngalun Aik also strengthens cultural ties, spirituality, and ecological awareness in the community.
Rain barrels are a great way to conserve water, save money, and contribute to a sustainable landscape. However, adoption of rain barrels is low with homeowners concerned about water quality ...especially from different roof types. Our analysis of nutrients showed that there was no difference in nutrient levels based on roof type. All water samples had low levels of nutrients and no detectable pathogens. Based on our analysis, the water collected from these rain barrels would be safe to use for non-potable uses in the landscape and garden.
To improve the environmental performance of small and medium-sized accommodation enterprises, it is important to understand the factors and motivations that move managers to adopt more efficient ...technologies and ecologically responsible practices. A sample of 18 independent family-run hotels and campsites were contacted in the mature tourist resort area of the Costa Brava (Spain). The research worked with a combination of surveys and semi-structured interviews directed at top managers. Saving water is revealed as a matter figuring low on the list of priorities of most managers, while competitive advantages and stakeholder pressures appear as less relevant drivers than is posited in most of the scientific literature. We conclude that addressing organizational factors holds more promise in terms of transformative power supporting water conservation than structural or technological changes.
Securing water supplies in urban areas is a major challenge for policy makers, both now and into the future. This study aimed to identify the key determinants of household water use, with a view to ...identifying those factors that could be targeted in water demand management campaigns. Objective water use data and surveys were collected from 1008 households in four local government areas of southeast Queensland, Australia. Results showed that demographic, psychosocial, behavioral, and infrastructure variables all have a role to play in determining household water use. Consistent with past research, household occupancy was the most important predictor of water use. Households in regions recently exposed to drought conditions and higher‐level restrictions also used less water than those who had less experience with drought. The effect of water efficient technology was mixed: some water efficient appliances were associated with less water use, while others were associated with more water use. Results also demonstrated the importance of considering water use as a collective behavior that is influenced by household dynamics. Households who reported a stronger culture of water conservation used less water. These findings, along with evidence that good water‐saving habits are linked to water conservation, highlight the value of policies that support long‐term cultural shifts in the way people think about and use water.
Key Points
Identifies key predictors of household water conservation
Highlights limitations of efficiency approaches
Identifies significant psycho‐social predictors of water use
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Key Takeaways
In 2012, the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California combined its commercial and residential water conservation rebate programs into SoCal Water$mart, still in use today.
...Member agencies and their retail agency customers can add funding to Metropolitan's base‐level incentives for what are referred to as “stacked incentives.”
Metropolitan has processes in place to allow for co‐funding flexibility, ensure rebate accuracy, and maintain agency and consumer satisfaction.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Understanding the psychological‐social drivers of water‐use behavior in households is essential for enhancing the effectiveness of water‐conservation strategies and subsequent environmental benefits. ...This study used the Behaviour Change Wheel framework to review associations between capability, opportunity, and motivation (COM) dimensions and household water‐use behaviors. A meta‐analysis of 88 correlation coefficients from a combined sample of 15,656 participants showed positive relationships between water‐use behavior and COM dimensions. These three dimensions were statistically significant in predicting household water‐use behavior, with opportunity being the most moderate predictor of water‐conservation behavior (r = 0.25, p < 0.001), followed by motivation (r = 0.24, p < 0.001) and then capability (r = 0.18, p < 0.001). Collectively, these dimensions explained 37% of the variance in household water‐conservation behavior. Correlation coefficients also diverged as a function of COM dimension subtypes (psychological, physical, social, reflective, and automatic) and study location, study design, and the gender of participants. Overall, the results are consistent with the Behaviour Change Wheel assertion that the integrative components of behavior are important sources of psychological‐social drivers of water‐use behavior. COM dimensions are useful for the identification of behaviors that influence water‐use and how these may diverge depending on the water‐use character of the region and environment.
Key Points
The study offers new dimensions for understanding and directing the psychological‐social predictors of water‐use behaviors of households
Household water‐use behavior is associated with three necessary conditions: capability, opportunity, and motivation (COM)
COM dimensions are useful for the identification of behaviors that influence water‐use and how these may diverge depending on the water‐use character of the region and environment
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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