The IWA Publishing journals Water Reuse and Water Science and Technology have been successfully enrolled in the catalog of high-quality journals in the field of environmental science in China. The ...catalog was organized by the China Association for Science and Technology. After a rigorous procedure of selection, evaluation, publicity, and review by the expert panel led by the Chinese Society for Environmental Sciences, 161 journals (including 115 English journals and 46 Chinese journals) were finally enrolled in the catalog.
This paper investigates the potential of graphene-coated sand (GCS) as an advanced filtration medium for improving water quality and mitigating chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) in treated ...municipal wastewater, aiming to enhance water reuse. The study utilizes three types of sand (Ottawa, masonry, and concrete) coated with graphene to assess the impact of surface morphology, particle shape, and chemical composition on coating and filtration efficiency. Additionally, sand coated with graphene and activated graphene coated sand were both tested to understand the effect of coating and activation on the filtration process. The materials were characterized using digital microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction analysis. The material's efficiency in removing turbidity, nutrients, chemical oxygen demand (COD), bacteria, and specific CECs (Aciclovir, Diatrizoic acid, Levodopa, Miconazole, Carbamazepine, Diphenhydramine, Irbesartan, Lidocaine, Losartan, and Sulfamethoxazole) was studied. Our findings indicate that GCS significantly improves water quality parameters, with notable efficiency in removing turbidity, COD (14.1 % and 69.1 % removal), and bacterial contaminants (64.9 % and 99.9 % removal). The study also highlights the material's capacity to remove challenging CECs like Sulfamethoxazole (up to 80 % removal) and Diphenhydramine (up to 90 % removal), showcasing its potential as a sustainable solution for water reuse applications. This research contributes to the field by providing a comprehensive evaluation of GCS in water treatment, suggesting its potential for removing CECs from treated municipal wastewater.
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•Graphene Coated Sand (GCS) as filtration material to enhance water reuse•Effect of particle's shape and composition on GCS coating efficiency•GCS's activation improves its treatment capabilities by at least 10 %.•GCS's ability to remove turbidity, and bacteria (∼85 %)•Improved removal of Sulfamethoxazole and Diphenhydramine (80 & 90 %)
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Although granular activated carbon (GAC) has been broadly applied in ozone-biologically activated carbon filtration (O3/BAC) systems for potable reuse of municipal wastewater, the mechanisms of ...various pollutant removal remain largely unknown as the regenerated GAC develops microbial populations resulting in biofiltration but loses significant adsorption capacity as it becomes spent GAC. Therefore, pilot-scale parallel performance comparisons of spent and regenerated GAC, along with a range of pre-oxidant ozone doses, were used to shed light on the mechanisms responsible for the removal of various types of treatment byproduct precursors and trace organic compounds. It was confirmed from this pilot-study that ozone alone can effectively degrade chlorinated trihalomethane (THM) and haloacetic acid (HAA) precursors, chloramine-reactive N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) precursors, and 29 PPCPs. In contrast, biodegradation by microbial population on spent or regenerated GAC can remove NDMA and 22 PPCPs, while the adsorption by regenerated GAC can remove chlorinated THM and HAA precursors, PFAS, flame retardants, and 27 PPCPs. The results of this pilot study are intended to provide those interested in potable reuse with an example of the simultaneous removal capabilities and mechanisms that can be anticipated for treating a complex mixture of organics present in real municipal wastewater effluent.
•Roles of spent and regenerated GAC were for the first time compared.•Pathways for the removal of a wide spectrum of compounds were identified.•Biodegradation can remove NDMA and 22 PPCPs.•Adsorption can remove THM and HAA precursors, PFAS, flame retardants, and 27 PPCPs.•Ozone can remove THM, HAA, chloramine-reactive NDMA precursors, and 29 PPCPs.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Recycled water has been widely recognized in the world as an effective approach to relieve the issue of water shortage. Meanwhile, with several decades of development, the insufficiency of technology ...is no longer the primary factor that restricts the popularization of recycled water. What makes it difficult to promote the concept of reusing recycled water in China? To solve this issue, a special experiment on the public’s attitude towards the reuse of recycled water was designed based on a Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT), so as to avoid factors like social preference that can influence the survey results, and to gain the public’s negative implicit attitude towards reusing recycled water reuse, which is close to the public’s real attitude to it. From the perspective of implicit attitude, this research testifies the “spiritual contagion” phenomenon of the public, which refers to refusing recycled water reuse because recycled water is made from sewage treatment. By comparing the implicit attitude to recycled water reuse with the explicit attitude that is acquired from self-reporting questionnaires about reusing recycled water, this research finds that the implicit attitude is more positive than the explicit attitude, which accounts for the phenomenon of “best game no one played” in the promotion of the recycled water reuse, that is, the public though applauding the environment-friendly policy, will not actually use the recycled water.
Total Value of Phosphorus Recovery Mayer, Brooke K; Baker, Lawrence A; Boyer, Treavor H ...
Environmental science & technology,
07/2016, Volume:
50, Issue:
13
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Phosphorus (P) is a critical, geographically concentrated, nonrenewable resource necessary to support global food production. In excess (e.g., due to runoff or wastewater discharges), P is also a ...primary cause of eutrophication. To reconcile the simultaneous shortage and overabundance of P, lost P flows must be recovered and reused, alongside improvements in P-use efficiency. While this motivation is increasingly being recognized, little P recovery is practiced today, as recovered P generally cannot compete with the relatively low cost of mined P. Therefore, P is often captured to prevent its release into the environment without beneficial recovery and reuse. However, additional incentives for P recovery emerge when accounting for the total value of P recovery. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the range of benefits of recovering P from waste streams, i.e., the total value of recovering P. This approach accounts for P products, as well as other assets that are associated with P and can be recovered in parallel, such as energy, nitrogen, metals and minerals, and water. Additionally, P recovery provides valuable services to society and the environment by protecting and improving environmental quality, enhancing efficiency of waste treatment facilities, and improving food security and social equity. The needs to make P recovery a reality are also discussed, including business models, bottlenecks, and policy and education strategies.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Approximately, seventy (70) percent of world water use including all the water diverted from rivers and pumped from underground is used for agricultural irrigation, so that the reuse of treated ...municipal wastewater for purposes such as agricultural and landscape irrigation reduces the amount of water that needs to be extracted from natural water sources as well as reducing discharge of wastewater to the environment. Thus, treated municipal wastewater is a valuable water source for recycling and reuse in the Mediterranean countries and other arid and semi-arid regions which are confronting increasing water shortages. Treated wastewater reuse in agriculture is a common practice in the Mediterranean countries and there is a considerable interest in the long-term effects of treated wastewater on crops intended for human consumption. This paper reviews the fundamentals of agricultural irrigation using treated municipal wastewater and the status of municipal wastewater reuse in Greece and Spain with studies related to the effects on soils and plants.
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Water scarcity and water pollution have increased the pressure on water resources worldwide. This pressure is particularly important in highly populated areas where water demand exceeds the available ...natural resources. In this regard, water reuse has emerged as an excellent water source alternative for peri-urban agriculture. Nevertheless, it must cope with the occurrence of chemical contaminants, ranging from trace elements (TEs) to organic microcontaminants. In this study, chemical contaminants (i.e., 15 TEs, 34 contaminants of emerging concern (CECs)), bulk parameters, and nutrients from irrigation waters and crop productivity (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Bodar and Lactuca sativa L. cv. Batavia) were seasonally surveyed in 4 farm plots in the peri-urban area of the city of Barcelona. A pristine site, where rain-groundwater is used for irrigation, was selected for background concentrations. The average concentration levels of TEs and CECs in the irrigation water impacted by treated wastewater (TWW) were 3 (35±75μgL−1) and 13 (553±1050ngL−1) times higher than at the pristine site respectively. Principal component analysis was used to classify the irrigation waters by chemical composition. To assess the impact of the occurrence of these contaminants on agriculture, a seed germination assay (Lactuca sativa L) and real field-scale study of crop productivity (i.e., lettuce and tomato) were used. Although irrigation waters from the peri-urban area exhibited a higher frequency of detection and concentration of the assessed chemical contaminants than those of the pristine site (P1), no significant differences were found in seed phytotoxicity or crop productivity. In fact, the crops impacted by TWW showed higher productivity than the other farm plots studied, which was associated with the higher nutrient availability for plants.
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•The irrigation waters from a peri-urban area and a pristine site were assessed.•Irrigation waters from surface water bodies had higher abundance of contaminants•The peri-urban area had higher abundance of chemical contaminants.•It did not affect seed germination, root elongation or crop productivity.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The increasing demand for drinking water has led to the adoption of unconventional water sources, such as water reuse. Reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes are effective barriers ...against trace organic contaminants in potable water reuse applications. However, the use of RO is being challenged by NF, primarily due to NF's potential to achieve similar contaminant removal as RO but with higher productivity and lower energy requirements. This study compares NF and RO membranes in terms of contaminant removal and energy consumption for potable water reuse applications. RO (BW30XFR) and dense and loose NF (NF90 and NF270) membranes were tested in bench-scale systems, and RO (TW30) and NF (NF9) membrane elements were tested in an engineering scale system utilizing UF-filtered reclaimed wastewater. The highest solute passage was observed using NF270 membrane. There was no difference between NF90 and BW30XFR in terms of divalent ion passage, but NF90's total organic carbon and monovalent ion passages were higher. Both NF90 and BW30XFR highly rejected negatively charged trace organic contaminants (TOrCs), though rejections were lower for neutral and positively charged compounds. Furthermore, all compounds were highly rejected in the engineering-scale system by NF9 and TW30. These results highlight the potential of dense NF membranes as an energy-efficient barrier for contaminant removal.
•Bench- and engineering-scale systems were used to compare NF and RO membranes.•High TOC rejection by NF90 and NF270, but lower rejection of inorganics with NF270•Rejection of inorganics was similar between NF90 and RO except for monovalent ions.•Rejection of TOrCs was similar between NF90 and RO membranes.•NF9 maintained high contaminants rejection in long-term engineering-scale operations.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The emergence of the forward osmosis (FO)-reverse osmosis (RO) hybrid offers simultaneous water reuse and desalination by incorporating FO for wastewater (WW) recovery to dilute seawater (SW) before ...undergoing RO treatment. The potential of osmotic dilution within the FO-RO hybrid promises elevated FO recovery rates and decreased specific energy consumption (SEC) of RO. Yet, pushing the system to its limits remained unexplored. Employing MATLAB® for simulations across various feed-to-draw volume ratios and diverse WW salinities, the study explored the feasibility of achieving enhanced FO recovery from WW. The study extended to evaluating the adaptability of existing desalination plants to process diluted SW using LewaPlus® design software. The FO simulation confirmed the feasibility of achieving 90 % WW recovery across various operational conditions in many instances. Yet, the optimal configuration for achieving both 90 % WW recovery and RO SEC below 1 kWh/m3 was specific: an 80:20 feed-to-draw volume ratio with an initial WW salinity of 0.5 g/l in FO. This resulted in reduced SW salinity (7.4 g/l), enabling RO desalination at 0.96 kWh/m3, showcasing potential retrofitting applications for existing desalination plants based on software design response. In the comparative study to determine the optimal approach for integrated water reuse and desalination between FO-RO hybrid and independent schemes, the energy efficiency of RO in independent schemes appears favorable, but FO-RO hybrid system may offer other benefits considering its double-dense barrier protection.
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•WW served as feed (FS) and SW (35 g/l) as draw (DS) in FO-RO hybrid.•Simulated FS salinities (0.25–1.5 g/l) and FS:DS volume ratios (50:50 to 90:10)•At 0.5 g/l FS and 80:20 FS:DS (volume ratio), FO achieved 90 % FS recovery.•Osmotic dilution in FO-RO hybrid allow for RO operation below 1 kWh/m3.•Existing RO demonstrated adaptability to FO-RO integration.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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