This paper examines the small Pacific collection of Peggy Guggenheim, looking at how it became part of a non-Western art collection that exists in addition to her important modernist assembled works. ...After highlighting Peggy Guggenheim’s collecting practices, I will relate some of her display experiments. Finally, the discussion will explore the use and show of Guggenheim’s non-Western art collection in a twenty-first century exhibition called
Migrating Objects. Arts of Africa, Oceania, and the Americas
in the Peggy Guggenheim Collection.
Recent advances in the accessibility and reliability of mobile technologies, roaming services and associated data have led to an increased use of modern navigational devices using Global Navigation ...Satellite Systems (GNSS). This paper reports on a study that explored concerns about over‐reliance on these navigational technologies, specifically among young people in the Global North. Based on an experiment in which participants were asked to navigate a series of different (unfamiliar) routes on foot, using different navigational technologies each time, we argue that routes navigated are more memorable, and the process of way‐finding is more enjoyable, when navigational tools/methods enable sensory and social interactions. GNSS aids, although claimed by participants as their preferred navigational aid, were the least enabling in this regard. We conclude that, although concerns about young people's way‐finding abilities may be overstated, the importance of sensory and social interactions with(in) environments might usefully be borne in mind in the development of future GNSS aids and locative media.
This paper reports on a study that explored the impacts of purported over‐reliance on GNSS‐based navigational aids on young adults’ way‐finding ability. Participants were asked to navigate a series of different (unfamiliar) routes on foot, using different navigational technologies each time, and were subsequently asked to recreate the routes taken using sketch maps in order to explore their spatial awareness and sense of place. We conclude that, although concerns about young people's way‐finding abilities may be overstated, the importance of sensory and social interactions with(in) environments might usefully be borne in mind in the development of future GNSS aids and locative media.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FSPLJ, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Previous research shows that travel type influences cognitive mapping processes. However, little is known about the effect of active versus passive exploration of the built environment on visual ...processing. This paper aims to investigate the differences between active and passive travellers in terms of their recognition memory for details of the visual environment. Participants were randomly assigned to either active or passive travel conditions. Participants in the active group navigated a pre-defined route on a university campus by walking, and passive participants followed an experimenter around the same route. We examined the effect of active travel by measuring performance on spatial and visual memory tasks and by tracking participants' eye movements during a scene recognition task. Active travellers had better recognition of scenes encountered during way finding and were better able to discriminate the veridical orientation of these scenes from mirror-reversed copies. The results indicate that active travellers had enhanced visual memory for the built environment. Results are discussed in the context of visual memory and urban design and place-making for legible cities.
•Travel types affects visual memory and visual memory plays a crucial role in wayfinding.•Active exploration of the built environment has better memory for the built environment.•There is no difference in landmark selection between active and passive travellers.•In long term, using wayfinding aids may differentiate our experiences of our cities and may influence the image of the city.•Active exploration of the built environment can more accurately develop cognitive configurations of the built environment.•Active and passive travellers looked at similar locations but for different duration.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
We are developing a voice navigation system for persons with visual disabilities. To ensure speedy and accurate arrival at the destination, we conducted two experiments in an actual commercial ...facility to evaluate the success or failure of turning and travel time. In Experiment 1, we quantitatively clarified that the success or failure of turning is affected by localization error, user's visual function, and the presence of landmarks. In Experiment 2, we obtained the regression equation for travel time using the presence of landmarks as explanatory variable, which showed that the presence of landmarks reduces travel time.
Summary
Emergency signage is important for safe escape when unexpected events (such as fires) occur. However, there are limited data on the difference in the effect of emergency signage on way ...finding processes between individual and group conditions. This paper aims to reveal how participants alone or in groups detect and accept the information conveyed by a signage system through an experiment in buildings. One hundred nineteen volunteers participated in the experiment, which included individual and group evacuation conditions. There were six decision points along the movement path where participants could select egress routes according to signage. Posttrial questionnaires and video recordings were used to derive the number of participants whose route choice was according to signage and to derive the decision time. Results demonstrate that both signage detection and acceptance probabilities under individual conditions are larger than those under group situations, because of social influence in groups. High‐placed signs have a positive effect on route choice, especially under individual conditions. Decision time for participants whose decisions are principally according to signs is not always smaller than that for participants whose decisions are not according to signs, eg, in group situations. These findings have implications for group evacuation modeling and signage design in buildings.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Healthcare environments need to make it easier to way-finding as the most difficult problem a patient faces after illness is how to reach his intended destination in order to receive treat-ment, and ...the problem is more difficult if the design of the building is complicated, and health care buildings are often complex and complex buildings. Weak way-finding systems affect users, which leads to confusion, tension, and frustration, where the process of understanding the environment built of important issues and the process of cognition is the problem of way-finding because despite its basic role, it is often ignored when designing health care buildings, and instead of exacerbating the levels of stress and confusion of the users of the building and especially the patients, can work a strategy to way-finding properly designed free of stress and ensure Users reach their destination on time without stress. Therefore, the research aims to deduce an effective and successful strategy for way-finding to be a database of the planning and design of healthcare buildings and to make users aware of the environment in a way that helps them meet their different needs and enable them to move successfully within the healthcare environment in the least time and least effort possible by providing the necessary information or evidence, thereby transforming the complex and con-fusing healthcare environment into an easy-to-use and manageable environment.In order to reach the goal of the research, the research relied on the scientific-analytical approach in the study through the study of the theoretical framework of the research problem based on the study of the concept of cognition and the concept of the system of way-finding and its importance, the process of way-finding and the factors affecting it and the use of the senses in that process, and the components of a good and effective way-finding system, as well as an analytical study complementary to the theoretical study of the emergency hospital at Mansoura University as a sample of the study, and analysis of the current situation through field visits to reach the results of the study of the current situation, and proposed work to improve the system of way-finding in it, the study recommended the need to pay attention to providing the elements and components of way-finding system in an orderly and integrated manner commensurate with the needs of all users of healthcare buildings.
Route-learning, considered from an ecological approach to perception, is posited to involve the detection of information over time that specifies a path from one location to another. The study ...examines whether the use of a visual navigational system (e.g., GPS) may impede route-learning by drawing attention away from transitions along a path that serve as information for way-finding. Virtual reality (VR) technology used in conjunction with an extensive, detailed environmental simulation was employed to explore this possibility. One group of participants drove a simulated car in VR along a designated path while relying on visual GPS guidance. It was expected that use of the GPS display would draw attention away from temporally continuous path information. A second group initially drove the same route without GPS guidance. Both groups drove the path a second time without navigational assistance. Overall, the percentage of correct actions taken at intersections (transitions) during the second trial were significantly lower for the first group who initially drove the route with visual GPS guidance as compared to those who initially traveled the route without it. The results are consistent with the kind of trade-off that is commonplace when tools are used to mediate and assist skilled action.
•A field evacuation experiment is conducted in a real-world large urban tunnel.•General human factors are analyzed and discussed via varied experimental methods.•Theory of affordance is introduced to ...evaluate technical installations integrally.•The side effect of alarms is discussed, and effective suggestions are put forward.•Signs are essential for preventing occupants getting “trapped” during evacuation.
Tunnels are separated from the ground by structural linings, and are enclosed and unfamiliar for occupants. In tunnel fires, occupants are faced with a dangerous environment and they need to evacuate. Conveying and obtaining information about the evacuation is the key issue for evacuees. Since tunnels typically have low lighting and little connection outside the tunnel, technical installations are the only approach to deliver information to occupants in order to guide their fast and safe evacuation. This is particularly an issue for urban road tunnels with large occupants’ flow in a large underground space. The present study explores the effect and role of technical installations (alarms, information signs, and lighting) on people’s evacuation performance in urban tunnel fires, through field experiments, questionnaires and interviews. Theory of affordance (sensory affordance, cognitive affordance and functional affordance) is taken into consideration and provides an integral evaluation for technical installations. Technical installations are useful in helping occupants notice the emergency, finding exits and guiding path, and information signs are regarded as the most powerful among those three. Besides, this experiment points out some side effect from alarms and ambiguity of signs which will result in serious consequence potentially. This study leads to guidance on improvement of technical installations on evacuation planning and procedures on urban road tunnels.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Maps are critical for university campuses, as they help students, staff, and visitors navigate the often-scattered array of buildings that have grown over time. However, most campus maps do not ...contain critical pedestrian-level navigation information such as sidewalks, stairs, and entrances. This void is especially problematic for one in five people with mobility-related disabilities, whether temporary, permanent, or invisible.
In this research, we set out to create more inclusive and accessible campus maps. Using Vancouver Island University’s Nanaimo, BC campus as a case study, we present a methodology for creating an access map and discuss the impact the map, data, and project overall has had on the campus community and facilities services. In sharing this research methodology, we want to enable and advocate for all campuses to create access maps.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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