Political and economic transformations in the 1980s in Chile produced an increase in exports of valuable fishery resources over the last 30–40 years. In order to improve or resolve problems, the ...state implemented diverse interventions and changes in the administrative and cultural processes in artisanal or small-scale fisheries. Nevertheless, the results were not as expected, and diverse problems become evident. This study tries to explain the failures of state interventions in artisanal fisheries, studying the motivations of small-scale fishers to start, stay or abandon the activity. Based on 473 structured interviews in the Regions of Antofagasta, Atacama and Coquimbo (ca 1800 Km of coast) in Chile, we evidenced that fishers’ main motivation to carry out small-scale fishing, is the way of life it allows, mainly the independence and the dynamic relation with the environment and their fishery resources. This logic does not adjust to the logic of state interventions, which pursue increased production, to serve unlimited international markets with the aim of economic profit. The intention to transform the way of life of fishers will put at risk the global sustainability of the system. The failures of state interventions are understandable and welcome because they should make way to a necessary discussion about policies that favor the conservation of the logic of the way of life of the majority of fishers, that properly adjust to environmental dynamics, leading to a conservative use of fishery resources.
•Small-scale fisheries in Chile show problems in spite of novel management tools.•State interventions are implemented following a market economy.•Fishers’ way of life values independence and freedom.•Fishers’ adaptation to nature may be disrupted by state interventions.•Policy design needs to consider fishers’ motivation for sustainable fisheries.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This essay explains why there are good reasons to practice philosophy as a way of life. The argument begins with the assumption that we should live well but that our understanding of how to live well ...can be mistaken. Philosophical reason and reflection can help correct these mistakes. Nonetheless, the evidence suggests that philosophical reasoning often fails to change our dispositions and behavior. Drawing on the work of Pierre Hadot, the essay claims that spiritual exercises and communal engagement mitigate the factors that prevent us from living in accordance with our conceptions of the good life. So, many of us have reasons to engage in philosophical reasoning along with behavioral, cognitive, and social strategies to alter our behavior and attitudes so that they’re in line with our philosophical commitments. In these respects, many of us should practice philosophy as a way of life.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The assessment of physical activity is a much-researched field. Physical inactivity has negative consequences. In the development of diseases, a key risk factor is insufficient exercise. Emphasizing ...the relation between physical activity and health is a constantly discussed matter. UD-FCSNE students will play a key role in educating children for a healthy lifestyle. They will become teachers and specialists. Mapping students’ motives concerning physical activity, we can see the order of motive factors and the factors influencing the different age groups. The majority of students exercise less than 30 minutes per day. Most of them do leisure sporting. To increase physical activity we must provide leisure sporting facilities, based on the population’s needs. Maintaining and increasing fitness are chief motivational factors, unlike expectations and competition. The order of motives is significantly different. These differences occurred in five categories. There is a difference in physical activity between full and part-time students.
JEL code: Z2
•Disnormative needs for information were examined among drug users in dark web.•The articulation of such needs is determined by the requirement of secrecy.•Information need is triggered by ...physiological, affective and cognitive factors.•Such factors appear in diverse combinations but physiological factor is primary.
This study examines the nature of context-sensitive information needs by focusing on the articulations of need for disnormative information among drug users. To this end, the sample of 9300 messages posted to Sipulitori, a Finnish dark web site were examined by means of descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis. The theoretical framework of the study was developed by drawing on Tom Wilson´s idea of information need as a phenomenon fundamentally triggered by physiological, affective and cognitive factors indicating basic human needs. To examine the contextual features of needs for disnormative information, the study made use of Chatman’s theory of information poverty characteristic of small worlds and Savolainen´s model for way of life. The findings indicate that about 72% of the information need topics related to drugs dealt with the usage, availability and price of narcotics. The articulations of drug-related information needs reflected the users´ ways of life dominated by the activities of buying, selling and using illegal narcotics. Drug-related information needs are typically triggered by physiological factors, because of the centrality of the physical dependence on drugs. Our study also revealed the simultaneous existence of physiological, affective and cognitive factors especially in messages in which the information need was articulated in greater detail.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Despite the increasing attention paid to the conception of philosophy as a way of life and in spite of the centrality of the philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein today, little has been written about the ...connection between the later and the work of one of the main contemporary representatives of the former subject: the French historian and philosopher Pierre Hadot. This paper discusses the influence that the so-called later Wittgenstein had on the French philosopher. It begins with a discussion of Pierre Hadot’s own acknowledgement of this influence. It then explores the Wittgensteinian notion of language games (section 1) and how this notion played a role in the formation of Hadot’s conception of philosophical works as spiritual exercises (section 2). Finally, in the section 3, it links the ideas exposed in sections 1 and 2 and elaborates them further in connection with some remarks on the conception of philosophy as a way of life.
The assessment of physical activity is a much-researched field. Physical inactivity has negative consequences. In the development of diseases, a key risk factor is insufficient exercise. Emphasizing ...the relation between physical activity and health is a constantly discussed matter. UD-FCSNE students will play a key role in educating children for a healthy lifestyle. They will become teachers and specialists. Mapping students’ motives concerning physical activity, we can see the order of motive factors and the factors influencing the different age groups. The majority of students exercise less than 30 minutes per day. Most of them do leisure sporting. To increase physical activity we must provide leisure sporting facilities, based on the population’s needs. Maintaining and increasing fitness are chief motivational factors, unlike expectations and competition. The order of motives is significantly different. These differences occurred in five categories. There is a difference in physical activity between full and part-time students.
This paper proposes that resources from philosophy as a way of life (PWL), in particular the prescription of targeted 'spiritual exercises' (Hadot) can be used in palliative counselling, addressing ...Alexandrova's critique that philosophy as 'big picture' theories alone are insufficient. Part I shows how the disciplines of philosophy and medicine for a long time intersected, in particular in competing prescriptive notions of 'regimen' or 'way of life' (diaitês) in the ancient world, in which philosophy was considered widely as PWL. Part II applies PWL work on the ancient philosophical spiritual exercises to contemporary clinical settings. We show how six ancient spiritual exercises respond to patients' needs as persons, whose quality of life is importantly shaped by their beliefs and sense-making, as they face profound existential or spiritual challenges, as well as forms of physical disability and diminished capabilities which they may never have previously countenanced.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
As long as there have been teachers, there has been an expectation that they be of good character and model virtue. The author describes developments in the thought about teacher dispositions and ...identifies specific shortcomings in the effort to define and assess them as part of teacher education program accreditation. Virtue ethics as an alternative conceptual possibility is considered but found wanting. Seeking to identify a moral framework capable of supporting education, including teacher education program development, he suggests focus on the “manners” of democracy that arise from an analysis of democracy as a distinctive way of life, an essential social and civic practice. Five manners are suggested: hospitality, attuned listening, voice, reflectivity, and evidential discernment. Each manner is briefly described and discussed.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Since the beginning of the last century, there has been an increase in the number of Bedouins who prefer a settled way of life. As a result, their daily life is gradually changing, and clan and ...tribal ties are slowly being broken. Settled Bedouins born into a nomadic family strive to continue to apply the principles of Bedouin ethics and viable old traditions in the new environment, as they are deeply rooted in them from an early age. However, some traditions of their ancestors are gradually changing and being modified due to new socio-cultural and economic conditions. On the other hand, there are traditions that continue to survive, although Bedouins now must cope with rapid technological progress. Bedouin families tend to settle and adapt their lifestyles to the conditions of the 21st century. Bedouins are proud of their origins and even in the conditions of a settled way of life they try to keep their traditions. This study analyzes the way of life and the identity of Arab nomads in the process of social and cultural changes. It focuses on Bedouin communities living in the Syrian Desert. In the last decade, however, it has been the wars in the Middle East that have pushed the Bedouins out of their natural environment, restricting the application of their cultural traditions in everyday life. This study builds on previous findings of repeated field research stays in the Syrian Desert where the first author lived among Bedouin families with whom he currently maintains virtual contact as the war situation interrupted further planned research stays.
En la atención prestada por algunos filósofos contemporáneos a la temática clásica de la filosofía como cuidado del alma y como forma de vida, se dan afinidades diversas. Pierre Hadot tiene ...preferencia por los estoicos; Michel Foucault, por los cínicos; Jan Patočka, por Sócrates y Platón, etc. En este artículo sostenemos que algunos de los puntos nucleares de la forma de vida franciscana de los primeros tiempos conectan estrechamente con los del cuidado del alma de los antiguos (transformándolos o bien radicalizándolos), y pueden constituir una valiosa fuente de inspiración para la encrucijada en la que se mueve nuestro presente social, y nuestro horizonte filosófico.
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