According to Gestalt theory, any image is perceived subconsciously as a coherent structure (or whole) with two contrast substructures: figure and ground. The figure consists of numerous autogenerated ...substructures with an inherent hierarchy of far more smalls than larges. Through these substructures, the structural beauty of an image (L), or equivalently the livingness of space, can be computed by the multiplication of the number of substructures (S) and their inherent hierarchy (H). This definition implies that the more substructures something has, the more living or more structurally beautiful it is, and the higher the hierarchy of the substructures, the more living or more structurally beautiful. This is the nonrecursive approach to the structural beauty of images or the livingness of space. In this article we develop a recursive approach, which derives all substructures of an image (instead of its figure) and continues the deriving process for those decomposable substructures until none of them are decomposable. All of the substructures derived at different iterations (or recursive levels) together constitute a living structure; hence the notion of living images. We have applied the recursive approach to a set of images that have been previously studied in the literature and found that (1) the number of substructures of an image is far lower (3 percent on average) than the number of pixels and the centroids of the substructures can effectively capture the skeleton or saliency of the image; (2) all the images have a recursive level more than four, indicating that they are indeed living images; (3) no more than 3 percent of the substructures are decomposable, implying that a vast amount of the substructures are not decomposable; (4) structural beauty can be well measured by the recursively defined substructures, as well as their decomposable subsets. Despite a slightly higher computational cost, the recursive approach is proven to be more robust than the nonrecursive approach. The recursive approach and the nonrecursive approach both provide a powerful means to study the livingness or vitality of space in cities and communities.
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Federal Educational Institutes (Bundeserziehungsanstalt) represented the avant-garde of state school reform after WWI in Austria. How does the school cinema of the Bundeserziehungsanstalt ...Vienna-Breitensee inscribe itself in the reform-pedagogy complex of “wholeness” and “naturalness”? And: What does this mean for teaching practice or the pedagogical dispositif of educational films? As the author will argue, the concept of holistic education puts a wrench into the concept of an educational performance dispositif as narrowed by Frank Kessler to the space and time of educational media performance.
Most of the norms developed for integrity programs are grounded in positivist arguments focused on effectiveness. The norms developed in this article are grounded in normative arguments that are ...directly deduced from the concept of integrity itself. The four norms are intentional wholeness; organizational wholeness; societal wholeness; and processual wholeness. These norms are operationalized into subnorms and indicators, resulting in a normative framework that helps to assess and advance the integrity of integrity programs.
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In this paper, we argue that Bohm's unbroken and undivided totality he called the holomovement, the title he gave to the concept of the self-organizing universe, is more coherently understood when ...viewed as universal consciousness. Bohm's understanding of consciousness oscillates around being a quality of local minds and the interconnected totality of the holomovement. We suggest such equivocations impose limitations on Bohm's general holistic framework because they import into his model the limiting restrictions of Cartesian separation and are, therefore, incongruous for use within his holistic model of the holomovement. We also argue that the term 'meaning' has a structural and functional agency appropriate to Bohm's model of the holomovement, while also reflecting the living characteristics of this organic totality that is full of meaning.
In patients with psychosomatic disorders, it is often difficult to aware the psychosomatic correlation due to alexithymia. Process-oriented psychology (POP) intervenes from various channels to ...promote awareness of psychosomatic correlation. Case Female in the 30s, health center staff. After treatment of cervical cancer in June X−1, slight fever, general pain, irritability, tremor, malaise persisted. In October X, she visited A Thyroid Clinic and was diagnosed with painless thyroiditis. In December, she suffered from hypothyroidism and was started LT4 compensation. In April X＋1 combined use of counseling was started. Through the channels of physical illness, nightmares, habits, etc., the secondary process “dependency, emotional” is suppressed by the deep consciousness of the primary process “perfect principle, the rational good child” in ego consciousness. In November, she took a large amount of LT4 for suicide. The author stopped the LT4 suspension and then took a leave of absence. After that, the patient gradually became able to accept the impatience and imperfection, and transferred to the NPO for welfare for persons with disabilities in November X+2. Thyroid function is also maintained as normal. Conclusion : POP seems to be effective for psychosomatic disorder patients with alexithymia.
Introduction. The article discusses the problem of a limited personal world. Its topicality is justified by a specific spiritual and historical situation in the modern world when a man and the ...humanity can no longer accept or follow the old-time values, which have now been undermined. Moreover, there is a necessity to have the landmarks that would aid one in orienting one’s inner world, since it is becoming ever more obvious that the reliable support is found only in the single available authentic being – the within. By reflecting on various metaphors of human psychological rigidity, the author is discussing the potentialities and traits of the inner existence free from limitations and constraints. The aim of the research is to analyze and try to discover the limitations and obstacles preventing one from implementing their individual existential projects, as well as elucidating the basic psychological mechanisms, encumbering deeper awareness of one’s own existential core.Materials and Methods. To achieve this goal, the methods of theoretical analysis and generalization of the interdisciplinary literature has been undertaken. Philosophical, sociological, psychological, psychopathological as well as fiction literature has been analyzed. Out of empirical methods, observation was used to observe the phenomena of the inner life of the psychological patients with the follow-up induction and synthesis of the facts obtained. Interdisciplinary approach was used, as well as the principle of theory-practice interconnection, situation specific approach, existentialism as a methodological concept, synergetic approach.Results. Conceptions related to overcoming inner closedness and conformity are developed from existential perspective. Wholeness is understood as integrity of cognitive, emotional and volitional aspects of human psyche. Man is understood as a being that gains its wholeness and overcomes limitation on its way beyond any imposed boundaries, be it outer or inner. In this sense, existential philosophy of the German thinker and psychiatrist Karl Jaspers with his metaphor of the shell reveals itself as anthropology of vulnerability. Overcoming constrains on its way to integrity and wholeness man inevitably faces vulnerability. In this encounter he comes to a new quality of self-awareness. From this perspective man is understood as becoming, a becoming being.Discussions and Conclusions. This understanding of wholeness and integrity, and man as a vulnerable and becoming being draws our attention to the problem of the loss of the sense of being in the modern world. The sense of being is a transcendental to a subject sense of being encompassing the subject himself. These conclusions are aimed at solving the existential sort of issues within psychological consultancy sessions. That is aimed at rediscovering the ability to experience being without adapting to other’s evaluations; rediscovering the original sense of existence through the growth in awareness of oneself, other people and the world.
PurposeIn light of the new way of interpreting work spearheaded by Generation Z, the objectives of this study are to investigate (1) whether young entrepreneurs identify their start-ups with “zebras” ...– that is, as a concrete response to the evanescence and fantasy of “unicorns” based on the simultaneous pursuit of profit and social value, mutualism and resilience – and (2) whether they adopt a “teal” organizational configuration – that is, one characterized by evolutionary purpose, self-management and wholeness.Design/methodology/approachThrough a qualitative approach with 41 interviews, this study focuses on start-uppers and companies that are particularly innovative and promising in the Italian context, as selected by Forbes magazine in its ranking of the brightest entrepreneurs, leaders and stars under 30.FindingsThe results suggest that young entrepreneurs recognize the importance of the common themes of the zebra movement and therefore identify their startups with zebras. More specifically, Generation Z entrepreneurs: (1) pursue a dual (economic and social) purpose, (2) are mutualistic and (3) build their organizations with resilience and capital efficiency. In addition, the interviews show that the organizational approach taken follows the paradigm of teal organizations, particularly in terms of evolutionary purpose, distributed leadership and decision-making power, and employee wholeness and empowerment.Originality/valueThis is the first study to analyze the evolutionary trends of animal entrepreneurial “species” led by Generation Z entrepreneurs and organized on the basis of the teal paradigm.
Celtic Christian spirituality has enjoyed renewed interest at the turn of the current millennium. Existing literature focusses on its theology and culture. This study considers its impact on mental ...health and wellbeing. Celtic spirituality (as henceforth termed) is nowadays led by dispersed modern monastic communities, notably Iona, Corrymeela, Northumbria, St Chad or Aidan and Hilda. Interpretative phenomenological analysis within a wider holistic qualitative analysis identified a unifying theme that participants experience wholeness, integrating knowledge and lived experience. This encompassed five superordinate themes: loving others, connection with community, oneness with creation, being self in the moment and being self through life. Comparison with person-centred theory reveals significant alignment with the formative and actualising tendencies and the core conditions of congruence, empathic understanding and unconditional positive regard (UPR).
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Personality fixations that have had utility in the past can later become problematic for holistic psychological development. Adult ego development research, combined with psychoanalytic assumptions, ...provides a way to understand multidimensional maturity through addressing and transforming the unconscious. The Enneagram and Gilbert Durand's Anthropological Structures of the Imaginary (ASI) are two frameworks that can be integrated to help clients experience transformation in unconscious self-limiting phenomena. The Enneagram can address unconscious thoughts and feelings while the ASI can address unconscious images. Given that different personality types have different deeply structured characteristics, combining these two models can provide specifically tailored guidance to varying personalities towards multidimensional wholeness. A case study as well as implications for clinical work are provided.
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