The surge in the growth of social entrepreneurship (SE) scholarship and its evolution concerning different fields and research areas (e.g., strategy, sociology and economics) have resulted in ...somewhat diverged literature lacking comprehensive representations and frameworks. As a result, the extant SE literature demands a comprehensive study of SE research from a holistic viewpoint. To address this gap, the current study provides a consensus on the SE research. The authors put forward a system theoretic analysis of SE research and afterward present a SE ecosystem model, by employing systems thinking approach and using the principle of ‘wholeness’. From a theoretical viewpoint, the study offers implications for academicians to consider systems thinking in order to understand the growth strategies and continuous social transformation in SEs from a systemic level as well as understanding the importance of collective interactions of different components of the SE phenomenon. To the practitioners or social entrepreneurs, the study provides the perspective of improving social ventures' (1) input synergies of resources, capabilities, processes and dynamism to improve and augment the continuous social transformation and (2) acquisition of knowledge from feedbacks and external changes to enhance the SE system. The study as a whole contributes to the advancement of SE research by outlining a new direction of ecosystem‐based research for future scholarship.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Urban structure can be better comprehended through analyzing its cores. Geospatial big data facilitate the identification of urban centers in terms of high accuracy and accessibility. However, ...previous studies seldom leverage multi-source geospatial big data to identify urban centers from a topological perspective. This study attempts to identify urban centers through the spatial integration of multi-source geospatial big data, including nighttime light imagery (NTL), building footprints (BFP) and street nodes of OpenStreetMap (OSM). We use a novel topological approach to construct complex networks from intra-urban hotspots based on the theory of centers by Christopher Alexander. We compute the degree of wholeness value for each hotspot as the centric index. The overlapped hotspots with the highest centric indices are regarded as urban centers. The identified urban centers in New York, Los Angeles, and Houston are consistent with their downtown areas, with overall accuracy of 90.23%. In Chicago, a new urban center is identified considering a larger spatial extent. The proposed approach can effectively and objectively prevent counting those hotspots with high intensity values but few neighbors into the result. This study proposes a topological approach for urban center identification and a bottom-up perspective for sustainable urban design.
•Developed a topological method for urban center identification using big data.•Developed a spatial big data fusion method to identify to urban centers.•Proposed a centric index, the degree of wholeness value to evaluate the urban centers.•The spatial units are objectively derived based on the data's own characteristic.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This article addresses a dilemma in relation to researching children's thinking and concept formation as an intentional process of competence acquisition and at the same time seeing children as ...persons in their life contexts, where the researcher also is a participant. Davydov's concept of theoretical knowledge and thinking helped me to tackle this dilemma as a dialectical process of moving from the general to the particular and back again by analysing children's concrete social situations starting from the societal conditions, then examining institutional objectives, and children's motive orientations in activity settings - in order to gain an understanding of children's social situations in their everyday activities.
In this article I illustrate the problems of getting knowledge of children's conceptual and motivation development, by drawing on several of my research projects to illustrate, through my own biographic development, the dilemmas that psychology has to overcome in studying children's activities in their different social situations. The discussion particularly relates to the potential demands of the situation and children's motive orientations in these situations.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
As noted in the epigraph, a map was long ago seen as the map of the map, the map of the map, of the map, and so on endlessly. This recursive perspective on maps, however, has received little ...attention in cartography. Cartography, as a scientific discipline, is essentially founded on Euclidean geometry and Gaussian statistics, which deal respectively with regular shapes and more or less similar things. It is commonly accepted that geographic features are not regular and that the Earth’s surface is full of fractal or scaling or living phenomena: far more small things than large ones are found at different scales. This article argues for a new paradigm in mapping, based on fractal or living geometry and Paretian statistics, and – more critically – on the new conception of space, conceived and developed by Christopher Alexander, as neither lifeless nor neutral, but a living structure capable of being more living or less living. The fractal geometry is not limited to Benoit Mandelbrot’s framework, but tends towards Christopher Alexander’s living geometry and is based upon the third definition of fractal: A set or pattern is fractal if the scaling of far more small things than large ones recurs multiple times. Paretian statistics deals with far more small things than large ones, so it differs fundamentally from Gaussian statistics, which deals with more or less similar things. Under the new paradigm, I make several claims about maps and mapping: (1) the topology of geometrically coherent things – in addition to that of geometric primitives – enables us to see a scaling or fractal or living structure; (2) under the third definition, all geographic features are fractal or living, given the right perspective and scope; (3) exactitude is not truth – to paraphrase Henri Matisse – but the living structure is; and (4) Töpfer’s law is not universal, but the scaling law is. All these assertions are supported by evidence, drawn from a series of previous studies. This article demands a monumental shift in perspective and thinking from what we are used to in the legacy of cartography and GIS.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In his speech “Health is Wholeness,” Wendell Berry says that when we are healthy, we are unconscious of our bodies—only sickness brings our attention to them. He also says that people’s sense of ...wholeness is tied to community, and any removal from common life together is a denial of wholeness and a removal of health. As we find ourselves in this strange COVID-19 moment, we are wrestling with a sudden awareness and anxiety about our own bodies while also hearing the call for social separation that takes us apart from the communities which provide us meaning. This is precisely the type of issue that Berry describes; a closer look at Berry’s theological leanings may give us the resources we need to find hope and meaning during this crisis. Within COVID-19’s clear violation of wholeness, Berry’s understanding of health as interconnection and orientation toward one another under God’s divine love is a faithful and loving way to find meaning during this crisis. If we follow Berry's assertion that under Christ the community is the smallest unit of health, then observing social distancing for the sake of public health is faithfully in line with a theological vision of health as wholeness.
Abstract
The essay investigates two personae: Socrates as depicted by Plato and Descartes as narrator of the
Discourse on Method
and
Meditations
. Socrates is aware of his ignorance and insists on ...remembering to care for the self; Descartes claims to have overcome ignorance through a method that breaks problems into simple and certain elements, establishing a self-certain yet impersonal subject that comprehends and controls objects. The Cartesian approach has led to the modern process of “liquidation” that reduces beings, property, and truth to resources, wealth, and information – initiating the dangerous and unprecedented epoch known as the Anthropocene. The Socratic approach offers some promise of reintegration and resistance to liquidation by urging us to care for wholeness and recognizing that being exceeds what we comprehend.
As Christopher Alexander discovered, all space or matter – either organic or inorganic – has some degree of order in it according to its structure and arrangement. The order refers to a kind of ...structural character, called living structure, which is defined as a mathematical structure that consists of numerous substructures with an inherent hierarchy. Across the hierarchy, there are far more small substructures than large ones, while on each level of the hierarchy the substructures are more or less similar in size. In this paper we develop a new approach to representing geographic space as a hierarchy of recursively defined subspaces for computing the degree of order. A geographic space is first represented as a hierarchy of recursively defined subspaces, and all the subspaces are then topologically represented as a network for computing the degree of order of the geographic space, as well as that of its subspaces. Unlike conventional geographic representations, which are mechanical in nature, this new geographic representation is organic, conceived, and developed under the third view of space; that is, space is neither lifeless nor neutral, but a living structure capable of being more living or less living. Thus, the order can also be referred to as life, beauty, coherence, or harmony. We applied the new representation to three urban environments, 253 patterns, and 35 black-white strips to verify it and to demonstrate advantages of the new approach and the new kind of order. We further discuss the implications of the approach and the order on geographic information science and sustainable urban planning.
•An organismic way of representing geographic space as a hierarchy of subspaces•Subspaces are internally (rather than externally) connected to form a coherent whole•Traditional city Venice is more orderly than modernist counterparts•The calculated degree of order of the 35 strips matches that of cognitive tests•The 253 patterns are demonstrated as a coherent whole evolved from a few largest.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
According to data analyzed from the Gallup Daily Tracking Politics and Economy survey between 2015 and 2017, nearly half (46.7%) of LGBT adults in the U.S. are religious, and just over half (53.3%) ...of LGBT adults are not religious. The majority who identified as religious attend Protestant churches. The Pentecostal church is a member of the Protestant Christian tradition. In a Constructivist Grounded Theory study of six U.S. gay male, Pentecostal Christians, our study excavates and chronicles their journey toward wholeness. Three major themes emerged from our study: embracing the journey, belonging to a community, and living unapologetically. From these themes, we learned that wholeness becomes possible when gay male Christians can form identities that are uniquely and holistically their own. We used these themes as a clarion call for clinicians who engage with clients encountering a conflict between their religious/spiritual tradition and their sexual orientation to actively assist their clients with reducing the dissonance they experience.
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When viewed from the vantage point of embodiment, the psychoanalytic understanding of traumatic experience is transformed. In this article, a new language is proposed that describes traumatic ...experience as disturbances in the flow of an individual's effortless, unconscious focusing on oneself ("I"), the other or others ("you"), on oneself as connected to others ("we"), and on all that involves the nonhuman surround ("world"). From this perspective, developmental and late-onset trauma models are seen as overlapping rather than competing. The authors support their proposal by drawing on self psychology, relational theory, and the Boston Change Process Study Group and offer illustrative clinical material.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Poverty is a pressing societal problem, adversely affecting the lives and livelihoods of millions of people in the United States and beyond. During this period of pandemic recovery, nurses, as the ...largest health workforce, are well positioned for action with the potential to improve health outcomes for many experiencing poverty. An actionable plan begins with an understanding of poverty and how poverty is experienced. It builds on nursing’s disciplinary perspective, patterns of knowing and a new model of professional nursing education advanced by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing. Finally, a feasible and sustainable plan is responsive to the challenges of a contemporary and complex health care delivery system.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
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