Job crafting refers to changes to a job that workers make with the intention of improving the job for themselves. It may include structural (i.e., physical and procedural), social, and cognitive ...forms. We draw on two studies to develop a role–resource approach–avoidance taxonomy that integrates and extends the dominant role- and resource-based perspectives of job crafting according to characteristics of approach and avoidance. Study 1 used both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze job crafting activities described during employee interviews to understand the nature and outcomes of specific job crafting activities. Study 2 provides quantitative support for the specific job crafting types emerging from Study 1, and further explores job crafting outcomes. Approach role crafting includes role expansion and social expansion, while avoidance role crafting includes work-role reduction. Role crafting outcomes include: increased enrichment, increased engagement, and decreased strain through changes in work role boundaries. Approach resource crafting includes work organization, adoption, and metacognition, while avoidance resource crafting includes withdrawal crafting. Resource crafting outcomes include: increased performance, increased engagement, and reduced strain through the development, acquisition, and conservation of resources. Avoidance crafting positively relates to work withdrawal and tends to have fewer relationships with positive outcomes compared to approach crafting.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Herd size expansion, combined with the reduced availability of people to work on farms, has led to an increased focus on techniques that can improve dairy farm social sustainability. Effective work ...organization is one such entity, which could influence farm social sustainability; focusing on having a productive, flexible and standardized farm workload. The objective of this study was to examine the factors that contribute to better workplaces for the farmer using a survey of representative pasture-based dairy farms in Ireland. Potential contributing factors to better workplaces for farmers were identified, namely; farm and farmer characteristics, working day structure, farmer attitudes, farm facilities, labor efficient practices and human resource management practices. A survey was completed by 313 Irish dairy farmers between 20 November and 3 January 2019 to capture relevant information. One proxy indicator was selected to represent each of productivity, flexibility and standardization within the workplace, and each of the 313 farms were categorized into quartiles based on their ranking for these 3 indicators (1 = most effective quartile to 4 = least effective quartile). The average farmer that completed the survey was 51 years old, milked 125 cows, reported to work 69.6 h/ week, take 10.3 d of holidays/ year and had a finish time of 19:52 in spring. The quartile of farms with the most effective farmer workplace reported reduced hours worked per week (58.6 v 82.6 h per week), more holiday days (16.6 v 5.1 d) and weekends off (8.3 v 2.4) per year, and earlier finish times (18:41 v 21:14 in spring) compared with the least effective quartile. Similarly, the most effective farms reported better facilities, and greater implementation of labor efficient and human resource management practices compared with the least effective farms. The most effective quartile for farmer workplace effectiveness were more positive about the industry's potential to offer an effective work-life balance, would be more likely to encourage young people to pursue careers in dairy, and had more positive attitudes toward attracting and retaining workers compared with the least effective quartile. The study highlighted the range of factors contributing to more effective workplaces for farmers, indicating scope for improvement on many farms, and challenges across all farms when compared with other industries in the case of some indicators (e.g., time-off). The results can support the continued extension of concepts regarding work organization to assist farms in alleviating social sustainability challenges; highlighting the differentiating factors between the most and least effective farmer workplaces.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
All conceptions of sustainability presuppose a temporally distributed mode of work, diagnosing past failures to address problems of the future via actions in the present. Sustainability ...infrastructures necessarily operate along timescales much longer than those that usually inform design and policy work. Since sustainability work demands temporal negotiation, competing visions of sustainability can be distinguished by the ways they relate the past, present, and future to the categories of the human and the natural. Reviewing the history of oyster fishing in the Chesapeake Bay since 1880, we show that infrastructures are sites where sustainability's temporal dissonance is negotiated, terming this infrastructural articulation work. These activities are simultaneously supported by sustainability infrastructure and hindered by infrastructures' inherent elusiveness, accretion, and perdurance. We conclude that a deeper understanding of infrastructures and infrastructural articulation work are crucial for the complex negotiation of temporal dissonance that sustainability demands.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
In this review of violence in Latin America, I have attempted to organize the region's scholarly literature around the most influential and leading research issues. Three main lines of research have ...materialized from this overview. First, one line of research is concerned with the difference between the old patterns of violence and the so-called new violence. Second, a line of research focuses on the state's responses to violence. Third, a similar, although much broader, line of research focuses on the public's responses to violence. The article describes a number of paradoxes and paradigms around the study of violence in the region. Further work toward organization and synthesis of research and issues in the region is necessary.
Full text
Available for:
CMK, NUK, ODKLJ, UL, UM, UPUK
•One in two PhD students experiences psychological distress; one in three is at risk of a common psychiatric disorder.•The prevalence of mental health problems is higher in PhD students than in the ...highly educated general population, highly educated employees and higher education students.•Work and organizational context are significant predictors of PhD students’ mental health.
Research policy observers are increasingly concerned about the potential impact of current academic working conditions on mental health, particularly in PhD students. The aim of the current study is threefold. First, we assess the prevalence of mental health problems in a representative sample of PhD students in Flanders, Belgium (N=3659). Second, we compare PhD students to three other samples: (1) highly educated in the general population (N=769); (2) highly educated employees (N=592); and (3) higher education students (N=333). Third, we assess those organizational factors relating to the role of PhD students that predict mental health status. Results based on 12 mental health symptoms (GHQ-12) showed that 32% of PhD students are at risk of having or developing a common psychiatric disorder, especially depression. This estimate was significantly higher than those obtained in the comparison groups. Organizational policies were significantly associated with the prevalence of mental health problems. Especially work-family interface, job demands and job control, the supervisor’s leadership style, team decision-making culture, and perception of a career outside academia are linked to mental health problems.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
On pioneer fronts, the new spatial-temporal evolution of agriculture needs to be understood to help farmers find their way to conciliate food production and forest conservation. Analyzing farm ...trajectories is consequently critical for designing such futures and to assess their commitments with agroecology principles.
Based on the analysis of the literature on farm trajectories and pathways we proposed a renewed analytical framework to analyze farm trajectories in pioneer fronts and support the identification of desirable strategies for the future.
A systematic review adapted from the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology was used. From an initial record of 246 papers, 81 were selected as eligible for the review. The articles were classified in six categories according to three criteria: i) the retrospective or prospective analysis of farm trajectories, ii) the consideration or not of the territorial scale (drawing lessons at territorial scale), iii) the use or not of modeling tools. We also explored whether off-farm factors (such as existing infrastructure at territorial scale or access to credit) and intra-farm factors (such as the organization of family work and the role of women within this organization) were considered since these factors affect farms trajectories in pioneer fronts.
Results indicate that the concept of trajectory is mainly associated with retrospective analyses while the concept of pathway is mostly associated with prospective studies generally using simulation tools for the design of future scenarios. The link between trajectories and agroecological principles also has been little explored in the literature. Both retrospective and prospective studies fail to pay sufficient attention to the roles of women and family organization. Lastly, most of the methodologies studied do not fully consider the effects of off-farm territorial factors and public policies on these trajectories.
We propose an analytical framework that would address these limitations.
This framework is currently used in Brazilian and Colombian Amazon and will help defining sustainable farm trajectories limiting deforestation. Such a framework is needed to support farm development on pioneer fronts and broadly in territories that must deal with highly critical environmental agendas.
Display omitted
•Analyzing farm trajectories may help to identify the most sustainable sequences of farm changes that could limit deforestation on pioneer fronts•This review on fam trajectories is based on an adaptation of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) method•Existing studies overlooked agroecological principles, the effects of territorial factors, the contributions of women and family work organizations•We propose an analytical framework that addresses the limitations found in existing studies and combine retrospective and prospective analyses•This framework should help defining sustainable trajectories limiting deforestation in pioneer fronts
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
7.
Work Organisation, Labour & Globalisation
Work organisation, labour and globalisation/Work organisation, labour & globalisation,
02/2024, Volume:
18, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Open access
Full text
Available for:
CEKLJ, NMLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, UL, UM, UPUK
8.
Riders on the Storm Tassinari, Arianna; Maccarrone, Vincenzo
Work, employment and society,
02/2020, Volume:
34, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
In light of the individualisation, dispersal and pervasive monitoring that characterise work in the ‘gig economy’, the development of solidarity among gig workers could be expected to be unlikely. ...However, numerous recent episodes of gig workers’ mobilisation require reconsideration of these assumptions. This article contributes to the debate about potentials and obstacles for solidarity in the changing world of work by showing the processes through which workplace solidarity among gig workers developed in two cases of mobilisation of food delivery platform couriers in the UK and Italy. Through the framework of labour process theory, the article identifies the sources of antagonism in the app-mediated model of work organisation and the factors that facilitated and hindered the consolidation of active solidarity and the emergence of collective action among gig workers. The article emphasises the centrality of workers’ agential practices in overcoming constraints to solidarity and collective action, and the diversity of forms through which solidarity can be expressed in hostile work contexts.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Denne artikel præsenterer etnometodologisk konversationsanalyse (EMCA) som en tilgang til at studere arbejdslivspraksisser i realtid. Den tager udgangspunkt i den aktuelle diskussion af, hvordan et ...praksisteoretisk perspektiv kan informere arbejdslivsforskningen, men fokuserer på de metodologiske implikationer af dette perspektiv. Den introducerer de grundlæggende principper i EMCA, og den diskuterer de praktiske konsekvenser for produktionen og bearbejdningen af empirisk materiale. Den eksemplificerer de analytiske principper i EMCA med udgangspunkt i en analyse af organiseringen af arbejdstid i fleksibelt vidensarbejde, og den diskuterer de mulige begrænsninger ved EMCA som en tilgang til at studere arbejdslivspraksisser med udgangspunkt i en diskussion af kontekstbegrebet.
Work Organisation, Labour & Globalisation
Work organisation, labour and globalisation/Work organisation, labour & globalisation,
11/2023, Volume:
17, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Open access
Full text
Available for:
CEKLJ, NMLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
