A unified statistical process control (SPC) scheme is developed to monitor work‐process duration of repetitive processes (constant work content), semi‐repetitive (work content somewhat varies between ...cycles) and memoryless (no typical work content). As a basic paradigm to develop the new scheme, we monitor surgery duration (SD), known to represent durations of all three types of work processes. Recently, a new bi‐variate model for SD was developed and empirically validated. Based on the new model, we derive an approximation to the distribution of SD sample average and use it to construct a two‐stage SPC scheme (for a medically specified subcategory of surgeries). In the first stage, SD distributional shape, as reflected in third and fourth moments, is monitored to determine that no shape‐changing assignable causes are active (e.g., work‐content variation is stable); in the second stage, location and scale parameters are separately monitored via a traditional Shewhart scheme. Using an existent database of surgery times, application of the new scheme is demonstrated, and average‐run‐length properties explored. Extensions (like incorporating co‐variates) and generalizations are addressed.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The study identified occupational exposure in the work of radiology technologists with 68Ga radiopharmaceuticals, in a Nuclear Medicine service in southern Brazil, by means of observation and ...document analysis. The occupational exposure related the factors, distance, time and shielding. Thus, it was observed high times during handling of the material, small distances between sources and radiosensitive structures, such as the eye lens and the thyroid gland. It is recommended to reassess and standardize the work, once that critical moments should not be restricted only to dosimetric reading.
•This research was carried out with a radiopharmaceutical relatively new in nuclear medicine and which is generated from a generator that is available in few Nuclear Medicine Services.•In addition, the PET/CT technology has a great deal of room to expand and with this it will bring an increase in occupational exposure, so the principles of radiological protection must always be reviewed in daily practice.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The aim of this paper is to clarify the “unchanging work process” of Kyoto hand-painted Yuzen and its workplaces, which spread across the city and undertake diverse and small-scale handicraft. The ...following results were obtained through 72 cases selected for field survey and analysis. First, the “unchanging work process” can be identified as consisting of 13 professions and 23 works. Second, workplaces can be categorized into 40 workplace types with 5 patterns, which are defined by fabric, tools, and works of architecture. Third, the unchanging work process can be explained as the syntax that organizes dispersed workplaces.
The analysis of the influence of digitization can be done starting from the relationships between the organization, managers and individuals. What must be mentioned is the fact that the organization ...plays a central role in this scheme, being the engine of the actions from which digitization also derives. Thus, the organization transmits through the managers the changes that will take place at the company level. They will play the role of promoter among the employees by conveying all the information related to digitalization with the aim of creating the last relationship between the organization and the employees. the organization has the role of conveying to managers the importance of digitization, what is its implementation strategy, the time allocated for their use and learning, as well as what are the resources available during this transition period. In this way, the company succeeds in developing its employees, ensuring that they acquire new knowledge and achieve the desired results by minimizing the time spent on daily processes.
Process Virtualization Theory (PVT) proposes a set of requirements and relationships to explain and predict whether or not a knowledge work process can be successfully virtualized. However, at least ...in remote work, the crisis-driven digital transformation (e.g., during the COVID-19 pandemic) shows that almost all knowledge work processes can be virtualized unexpectedly and immediately. Since the requirements for these processes remain the same and need to be met to continue the processes remotely, an interesting question arises of how information technology (IT) can help to meet these requirements in a crisis-driven digital transformation of knowledge work. To address this question, we conducted 40 semi-structured interviews with a multiple-case approach using a critical realist perspective. Our findings contribute to information systems (IS) research in a twofold way. First, we demonstrate that the crisis-driven digital transformation of knowledge work triggers a revisited perspective on PVT by turning virtualized knowledge work processes into a prerequisite. Second, we show how the IT characteristics of PVT (representation, reach, monitoring capability) help to fulfill knowledge work process requirements in remote work settings and outline two additional IT characteristics (social presence and situation awareness) that positively support the fulfillment.
•Crisis-driven revisited perspective on Process Virtualization Theory (PVT).•Dependent factor “Process Virtualizability” in PVT turns into a prerequisite.•IT characteristics of PVT help to fulfill virtualized KWP requirements.•Extension of PVT by new IT characteristics (social presence/situational awareness).•Explorative multiple case approach including 40 semi-structured interviews.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The domain of work is etched into our minds as a domain of the sombre, the orderly, the very coalface of dull modernity through which our societies prosper. Work also demarcates that which is of ...value; work itself; from that which is less so; e.g. play. But as the behemoth of global capitalism lurches forward into the 21st century we are witnessing a; be it new or simply renewed; interest in merging work and play. It is this development, labelled gamification, that this dialogue collection of essays explores offering conceptual and critical insights into the possibilities and problems of this attempted merging.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The results of research on the impact of adding a hydrogen-containing gas obtained by water electrolysis to the air charge of a gasoline engine on the combustion process, the indicator values of the ...work process, fuel-consumption efficiency and environmental performance of the engine are provided in the paper. The indicator tests of the work process of the engine have been carried out and the key data on the indicator values of the work process of a gasoline engine have been calculated on the base of the obtained indicator-diagrams. It was found that adding a hydrogen-containing gas caused shortening of all phases of combustion and an improvement of the indicator values of the engine. If a hydrogen-containing gas is added to the air charge of a gasoline engine, fuel-consumption efficiency as well as its energy and environmental performance are improved.
•The fuel consumption decreases adding a hydrogen-containing gas to air charge of a gasolinepowered engine.•The maximum temperature of the cycle increases while an engine operates on gasoline with a hydrogen-containing gas.•The using of HHO in SI engine decreases the CO and CmHn pollution in the exhaust.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Recent studies have identified that employees can be lead users of their employing firm's products, and valuable sources of product innovation, residing within organizational boundaries. We extend ...this line of thought by recognizing that employees can be lead users with regard to internal work processes. We define work process-related lead userness (WPLU) as the extent to which employees experience unsatisfied process-related needs ahead of others, and expect high benefits from solutions to these needs. We hypothesize a positive association with user innovation in the workplace, evidenced by the development of tools, equipment, materials and methods. We test a moderated mediation model delineating how and when WPLU is related to user innovation within organizational boundaries. Drawing on survey data from 104 employees and 13 supervisors in a forensic services organization, we find that WPLU contributes to user innovation via engagement in innovative work behavior, especially when employees have higher self-efficacy (perceived capability to overcome obstacles) and lower job autonomy (situational constraints on the job).
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
U tehnološkim procesima proizvodnje odjeće često dolazi do opterećenja i zamora radnika zbog rada u nepovoljnom radnom položaju uz ponavljajuće izvođenje radnog zadatka, pri čemu je prisutan visok ...stupanj motoričke koordinacije tijela, ruku i nogu, prisilni položaji tijela i glave kao posljedica neusklađenosti dimenzija radnog prostora, nepovoljne radne metode te nepovoljnih stanja radne okoline. U radu je dan pregled karakteristika rada u procesima proizvodnje odjeće, uzroka opterećenja radnika kao i posljedice koje nastaju zbog opterećenja te kako djeluju na zdravlje radnika i produktivnost rada. U radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja opterećenja radnice pri izvođenju tehnološke operacije u realnom proizvodnom procesu korištenjem RULA, REBA i SMART metode. Analizom rezultata utvrđeno je operećenje radnice te su dane smjernice za smanjenje radnog opterećenja.
Technological processes in the garment industry cause strain and fatigue as workers assume improper postures to maintain the motor co-ordination of the body, arms and legs, with forced posturing of the body and head. All this is due to the unfavourable work method and poor working environment. The paper presents the characteristics of the work process, the causes of strain and the consequences of the strain on the health and productivity. The results of the study illustrate the strain in the actual work operation using the RULA, REBA and SMART methods. The analyzed results indicate the level of strain and offer guidance on how to reduce the strain.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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