Abstract
This article examines the European Community's participation in the Osaka Expo in 1970 from the standpoint of whether it was an exercise in cultural diplomacy or an economic exercise. While ...there was at the time a growing European consciousness and common identity, this article shows that while the ec's intention in participating in the Osaka Expo may have been to foster its cultural mandate, in reality it was motivated more by economic concerns. It makes a significant contribution to the literature because the ec's participation in the Expo in 1970 has been largely neglected, even forgotten, and is worth revisiting as a case study of cultural and economic diplomacy as practiced by an organization in an arena in which nation-states usually participated.
The purpose of this report is to examine the design process of the Republic of China Pavilion for the 1970 Japan World Exposition in Osaka, using materials dispersed in Japan and Taiwan. The research ...revealed that the first prize proposal for the pavilion was selected through an open design competition, but that the jury, Ieoh Ming Pei, rejected it, and the pavilion was redesigned under Pei’s coordination. It was also revealed that throughout the design process, the design of the ROC Pavilion, despite its apparent modernism style, consistently attempted to express the Chinese spirit and traditions.
During the World Exposition 2010 (Expo, from May to October), emission control measures were implemented in Shanghai and surrounding areas to improve the air quality. To evaluate the effect of these ...measures, we use the tropospheric NO2 column, aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and CO concentration observations from the satellite instruments GOME-2, MODIS and MOPITT, respectively. The analysis shows about 8% and 14% reductions of tropospheric NO2 columns and AOT respectively over Shanghai during the Expo period, compared to the past three years. A 12% reduction of CO concentration at 700 hPa over Shanghai and surrounding areas is found during the Expo period. On the other hand, the satellite measurements show increases of NO2 by 20% and AOT by 23% over Shanghai urban areas after the Expo (November 2010–April 2011), when the short-term emission control measures were lifted. Our study indicates that the air quality measures were effective in Shanghai and surrounding provinces during the Expo period.
Since the implementation of China’s reform and opening-up policy, the rapid development of economy and the international exchanges require a growing need for the publicity materials and translation, ...C-E translation in particular, in which, faithful reproduction of China’s culture and image should be regarded as the priority. Many translators have been aware of the great importance of the cultural communication in translation of publicity materials, and various theories had been applied to study this issue both at home and abroad. In terms of preserving the source-language culture, Venuti advocates the dissimilarities between two languages. And that is why he puts forward foreignization. However, due to the dominating position of domesticating translation theory in China, Lawrence Venuti’s theory of foreignization failed to receive enough attention in the field from translators and translation researchers in China. This paper, by using the theory of Venuti’s foreignization to analyze the C-E translation of the publicity materials, especially a case study of An Overview of the World Exposition Shanghai China 2010, aims to demonstrate the application of Venuti’s foreignization to analyzing the translation of the publicity materials, and therefore provides a brand-new approach for English learners to analyze the C-E publicity materials.
Introduction. A mass gathering (MG) is when a large number of people come together in a particular location for a specific purpose. Expo 2015 was an universal exposition hosted by Milan, Italy. The ...Pre-Hospital Emergency Company (AREU) of Lombardy Region (Milan-Italy) was involved in planning and managing the emergency rescue response inside the Expo 2015 area in Milan. In this paper, we review the AREU medical and public health response for the 2015 Milan Expo. Methods. Existing risk-assessment processes for MGs were used (the Arbon Predictive Score and Maurer Score) to define the expected resources and the impact on the health systems. The objective of the plan was to reduce the impact of the event by adopting the model of First Aid Points (advanced medical posts) deployed in the event site acting as ‘first health filters’ for the hospital network in Milan. Results. Our data indicate that 13,579 visitors were rescued in the ‘Red Area’ from 1 May to 31 October (with an average of 73 cases per day); 9,501 of them needed initial treatment or observation time at the First Aid Points, 1,289 of them were hospitalised (1% Red code, 29% Yellow code, 70% Green code); 65% of patients (57% female, with a mean age of 37 years old) had medical problems. Fatigue, light- headedness, dizziness, syncope, loss of consciousness and headache were the prevalent medical diagnoses. Conclusions. Our study confirms that environmental factors, such as the weather, can contribute to large numbers of ill people at MGs. Overall, the AREU of Lombardy Region demonstrated excellent preparation for the Expo 2015 MG. Flexibility, integration and strong cooperation between the pre-hospital settings and hospitals were incorporated into the application of the plan. The final data showed the effectiveness of the adopted model and the reduced impact on the hospital network.
This article offers a media archaeology of immersive world maps and astronomical models, focusing on walk-in terrestrial and celestial globes. Innovations in digitally interactive data visualization ...promise spectators new ways of extracting knowledge from complex information. But the outsized claims and expanded formats of emergent displays invoke the ambitions of earlier scientific spectacles such as the nineteenth-century Georama - a giant sphere whose interior was painted to model the surface of the globe. Comparing immersive and interactive models of earth and sky exposes changing assumptions about how nature is ordered, how aesthetic representation should recapitulate that order, and how a spectator might perceive and know not just a model but the construct of reality itself. This article discusses examples spanning almost two centuries, such as the Gottorp Globe, the Georama, Wyld's Great Globe, the Celestial Globe of the 1900 Paris Exposition, the Atwood Sphere, the twin maps of Google Earth and Google Sky, and the Reality Deck 1.5 gigapixel display recently funded by the National Science Foundation at Stony Brook University.
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BFBNIB, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Wie kein anderer trieb der vor 100 Jahren verstorbene Georg Christoph Mehrtens in Deutschland den Übergang vom Eisen‐ zum Stahlbrückenbau voran. Als Wilhelm II. (1859–1941) 1888 zum Kaiser des ...Deutschen Reichs inthronisiert wurde, schickte sich der preußische Bau‐ und Betriebsinspektor Mehrtens in Bromberg an, das Schmiedeeisen im Großbrückenbau durch den Flussstahl im Allgemeinen und den Thomasstahl im Besonderen zu ersetzen. Mit dem großmaßstäblichen Einsatz des Thomasstahls für die Weichselbrücke bei Fordon (1891–1893) erreichte die Wechselwirkung zwischen der deutschen Stahlindustrie und der Stahlbauindustrie eine neue Qualität, die ihr alsbald international Geltung verschaffte und sich zum wichtigen Element der Wirtschaftspolitik der deutschen Schwerindustrie entwickeln sollte. In seiner Zeit als Professor an der TH Dresden von 1895 bis 1913 schuf Mehrtens (Bild 1) mit seinen Monografien über Baustatik und Brückenbau ein enzyklopädisches Werk, das damals im Konstruktiven Ingenieurbau ohne Beispiel war. Zu seinen Schülern zählten die späteren Professoren der TH Dresden Max Foerster (1867–1930), Willy Gehler (1876–1953) und Kurt Beyer (1881–1952), welche zum Fortschritt des Konstruktiven Ingenieurbaus und der Baustatik in ihrer Konsolidierungsperiode (1900–1950) signifikant beitrugen. Als begehrter Gutachter und Juror bei Wettbewerben sowie als Zeitschriftenautor beeinflusste Mehrtens den deutschen Großbrückenbau auf konstruktiver und auf ästhetischer Seite bis weit in das zweite Dezennium des vorigen Jahrhunderts. Doch Mehrtens ist nicht nur Protagonist des Stahlbrückenbaus im wilhelminischen Deutschland, sondern kann auch als Pionier der Historiografie der Bautechnik in Deutschland gelten.
Georg Christoph Mehrtens (1843–1917): protagonist of steel bridge‐building in Kaiser Wilhelm's Germany.
Georg Christoph Mehrtens, who died 100 years ago, championed the transition from iron to steel bridges in Germany like no other. As Wilhelm II (1859–1941) was being declared Kaiser of the German Reich in 1888, Mehrtens (Fig. 1), a Prussian building and factories inspector in Bromberg (Bydgoszcz, now Poland), was preparing to replace the wrought iron of large bridges by mild steel in general and Thomas‐Gilchrist steel in particular. The large‐scale use of Thomas‐Gilchrist steel for the bridge over the Vistula at Fordon (now Poland) in 1891–1893 resulted in a new level of interaction between the German steel industry and the steel construction sector. Those relations quickly gained international validity and were to evolve into the most important element in the economic policies of German heavy industry. During his time as professor at TH Dresden from 1895 to 1913, Mehrtens' wrote monographs on theory of structures and bridge‐building which formed an encyclopaedic work that was without precedent at that time. Among his students were Max Foerster (1867–1930), Willy Gehler (1876–1953) and Kurt Beyer (1881–1952), all of whom became professors at TH Dresden in later years and made significant contributions to the progress of structural engineering and theory of structures during its consolidation period (1900–1950). Mehrtens was much in demand as an assessor, competition jury member and author of journal articles, and therefore influenced the building of large bridges in Germany in terms of their engineering and aesthetics well into the second decade of the 20th century. But Mehrtens was not just a leading advocate of steel bridgebuilding in Kaiser Wilhelm's Germany. He can also be regarded as a pioneer of the historical study of construction in Germany.
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In this paper, we propose an experiential approach to tourist segmentation aimed at overcoming the limits of both socio-demographic and context-specific approaches widely adopted in the literature ...and in practice. In this study, segmentation is carried out based upon the expected experiences of Chinese tourists at the Shanghai World Exposition. The segmentation reveals four tourist clusters with different interests in relation to their experiences in visiting the World Exposition. The clusters showed insignificant differences in the demographics but proved to be powerfully discriminant in determining tourists' satisfaction and loyalty, which affirms the potential of the tourist experience being a segmenting variable. Moreover, thanks to the analysis, an evaluation of the Shanghai World Exposition's success in terms of visitors' satisfaction is provided.
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