Adolescent pregnancy, occurring in girls aged 10-19 years, remains a serious health and social problem worldwide, and has been associated with numerous risk factors evident in the young people's ...family, peer, school, and neighbourhood contexts.
To assess the prevalence of adolescent pregnancy and associated factors in the South African context, as part of a population-based household survey that formed part of an evaluation of the impact of loveLife, South Africa's national HIV prevention campaign for young people.
A cross-sectional population-based household survey was conducted using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling approach. The total sample included 3123 participants, aged 18-24, 54.6% men and 45.4% women, from four of nine provinces in South Africa (Eastern Cape, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga).
Among female youth 19.2% said that they had an adolescent pregnancy, while 5.8% of male youth indicated that they had impregnated a girl when they were an adolescent (12-19 years), 16.2% of the women indicated that they ever had an unwanted pregnancy and 6.7% had ever terminated a pregnancy. In multivariable analysis among women it was found that being employed or unemployed, greater poverty, having higher sexually permissive attitudes and scoring higher on the contraceptive or the condom use index was associated with adolescent pregnancy, and among men wanting the pregnancy and having a sense of the future were associated with adolescent pregnancy.
Adolescent pregnancy was found to be high in this sample of South African youth. Multiple factors contributing to adolescent pregnancy have been identified which can be used in targeting young people on the prevention of adolescent pregnancy.
This study adopts an experimental design to investigate the effectiveness of a password hygiene training programme. The password hygiene training programme adopted the Protection Motivation Theory's ...framework in its development, and was delivered online to 84 students aged 13 to 16. Strength of password measures, such as time taken, and number of tries required, to crack the password, were administered pre and post intervention. The findings revealed that the password hygiene training programme was effective in changing actual password setting behaviour. This study also provided hints on which perceptual changes, based on the theory's framework, was most influential in the exercise.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to share reflections on the frontline delivery of a wrap-around secondary school re-engagement programme on compounding digital inequality during the COVID-19 ...lockdown.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents a deliberative reflection on practice and policy lessons learned while negotiating the digital divide during the COVID-19 lockdown in the delivery of the yourtown education youth engagement programme.
Findings
Frontline youth worker practice lessons highlight the compounding effect of digital inequality on vulnerable young people who are already disengaged or disengaging from secondary education and the necessity for a reflexive, agile and adaptable practice response, particularly during unprecedented events such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Originality/value
This paper presents a wraparound service perspective and outlines important practice lessons gained from adapting an education re-engagement programme to respond to the COVID-19 lockdown in the Greater Brisbane area, Australia.
The EU's EuroMed Youth Programme has for a long time been the only one exclusively aimed at young people in Arab Mediterranean countries. Using a policy evaluation framework, this article argues that ...this programme is a direct reflection of the EU policy for the Mediterranean, which is more focused on a diagnosis based on the contextualisation of the problem than on the social reality and the needs and expectations of the region's young people. Although it has been beneficial for the few young people who have participated in it, in general it possesses certain deficiencies in its design and execution that may negatively affect its results. Thus, in the design and execution of policy instruments, it is fundamental to carry out a close examination and use all the data available – such as those offered by the SAHWA Youth Survey 2016 – to increase and guarantee the social relevance of the cooperation programmes for young people in the region.
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El Programa EuroMed Youth de la UE ha sido durante mucho tiempo el único orientado de forma exclusiva a los jóvenes de los países árabes mediterráneos. Utilizando un marco de evaluación de políticas, ...este artículo argumenta que este programa es un reflejo directo de la política de la UE para el Mediterráneo, la cual está más centrada en un diagnóstico basado en la contextualización del problema, que en la realidad social y en las necesidades y expectativas de los jóvenes de la región. Pese a que ha sido beneficioso para los pocos jóvenes que han participado en él, en general ha tenido ciertas deficiencias en su diseño y ejecución que pueden afectar negativamente los resultados. Así, en el diseño y la ejecución de instrumentos de política, es fundamental examinar detenidamente y emplear todos los datos disponibles –como los que ofrece la SAHWA Youth Survey 2016– para aumentar y garantizar la pertinencia social de los programas de cooperación para jóvenes de la región.
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This article explains the constitutional provisions which establish the Commission and examine the powers granted to the Commission to review the number and boundaries of constituencies into which ...the countries of the Commonwealth Caribbean are divided. Second, it examines the powers and functions of the Commission and explain the process for effecting the recommendations of the Commission after it has deliberated on its constitutional mandate. Third, it explores aspects of judicial review of decisions relating to the Commission by examining the leading cases in the Commonwealth Caribbean where such issues have been explored. Fourth, the grounds on which decisions found in the report of the Commission have been challenged in various cases are examined in light of the common law principles applicable to each ground of judicial review. Fifth, the article analyses the principles which should guide the Commission in the process of delimiting the number and boundaries of constituencies into which the country is divided, namely: the foundational principle of equality of votes based on population; and the requirement of effective representation, and participation as a requirement for democracy. These principles are examined in the context of decisions from the Commonwealth Caribbean against the backdrop of cases from the Commonwealth that have provided guidance on their application.
Since it is crucial for public institutions to spend the taxpayers’ money effectively and efficiently, we have analysed the methods used to check for these two criteria in the European Union’s ...‘YOUTH’ Programme. We find that the currently applied method is not theoretically sound and also hardly justifiable politically. Therefore, we present a new approach which includes the important aspects that a public organisation needs to respect: it is theoretically correct and fulfils economic standards; it is valid in political standards; it is feasible; and it is easily understandable for a large public. We singled out two factors which are readily observable and are good proxies for the decision if a project is worth supporting by public funds: the number of people reached and the quality of the programme proposed. We also show why our method is better suited to measuring the effectiveness and the efficiency of spending public funds, and judge the new approach in the modified framework for 2007–2013.
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CHOGM 2007 KAMPALA, held amid lush green hills to the north of Lake Victoria, put a new face on the Commonwealth. There was the election of the next Secretary-General; the prospect of new members ...that do not have the traditional constitutional tie with an existing member; some modest agreement on climate; a refurbished philosophy of respect for diversity and functioning by way of dialogue and consensus; and a new role for Prince Charles as aide to the Head of the Commonwealth.
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