We investigated two functional polymorphisms in NLRP3 inflammasome genes (
rs35829419 and
rs2043211) and their association with alcohol dependence and related anxiety, depression, ...obsession-compulsion, or aggression in 88 hospitalised alcohol-dependent patients, 99 abstinent alcohol-dependent participants, and 94 controls, all male Caucasian. Alcohol dependence-related psychiatric disorders were assessed with the Zung Depression and Anxiety scale, Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Brief Social Phobia Scale, Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale, and Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. For genotyping we used the allele-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based methods. The three groups differed significantly in
rs2043211 distribution (P=0.049; chi-squared=9.557; df=4). The
rs35829419 polymorphism was not significantly associated with alcohol dependence. In hospitalised alcohol-dependent patients the investigated polymorphisms were not associated with scores indicating alcohol consumption or comorbid symptoms. In abstinent alcohol-dependent subjects homozygotes for the polymorphic
allele presented with the highest scores on the Zung Anxiety Scale (p=0.048; df=2; F=3.140). Among controls,
genotype was associated with high scores on the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (P=0.027; df=2; F=3.744). In conclusion, our results reveal that
rs2043211 may play some role in susceptibility to alcohol dependence, expression of anxiety symptoms in abstinent alcohol-dependent subjects, and in obsessive compulsive drinking in healthy controls. However, further studies with larger cohorts are required to confirm these preliminary findings.
Internet use is an integral part of our everyday activities; however, Internet use may become problematic and harmful in a minority of cases. The majority of reported prevalence rates of problematic ...Internet use refer to adolescent samples, whereas epidemiological studies on representative adult populations are lacking. This study aimed to reveal the prevalence and characteristics of problematic Internet use in Slovenia.
Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire (PIUQ) was included in European Health Interview Study (EHIS) on representative Slovenian sample. The frequency of Internet use and problematic Internet use were both assessed.
59.9% of Slovenian adult population uses the Internet daily, and 3.1% are at risk of becoming problematic Internet users, 11% in the age group from 20 to 24 years. Those being at risk for becoming problematic Internet users are younger (mean age 31.3 vs. 48.3 for non-problematic users), more likely to be males (3.6% of males, whereas 2.6% of females are affected), students (12.0%), unemployed (6.3%) or unable to work (8.7%), single (6.5%), with high education (4.5%). Regression analysis revealed that the strongest predictor of being at risk for problematic Internet use is age (ß=-0.338, p<0.001); followed by high educational level (ß=0.145; p<0.001) and student status (ß=0.136; p<0.001).
3.1% of Slovenian adult population are at risk of becoming problematic Internet users, whereas 3 out of 20 Slovenian adolescents aged from 18 to 19 years are at risk (14.6%). Prevention programs and treatment for those affected are paramount, especially for the young generation.
Vor knapp dreißig Jahren ist die Metapher „the dark sides of consumer behavior“ in die Konsumentenverhaltensforschung eingeführt worden. So setzen sich Konsumenten mit ihrem Verhalten manchmal ...wissend ins Unrecht, betrachten ihre Vergehen aber als "smarte Kavaliersdelikte". Zudem erliegen Menschen schädlichen Versuchungen und neigen zu Süchten. Schließlich agieren Verbraucher oft egoistischer oder weniger nachhaltig, als sie von sich selbst behaupten. Die Beiträge in diesem Buch knüpfen an dieses Generalthema an, widmen sich den dunklen Seiten und regen an, dass Nachfrager und Anbieter manche Verhaltensweisen überdenken und auch Gegenstrategien entwickeln sollten. Mit Beiträgen von Tilman Becker, Jonas Grauel, Andrea Gröppel-Klein, Rita Hagl-Kehl, Ludger Heidbrink, Stefan Hoffmann, Martin Klug, Jörn Lamla, Janina Loh, Kaspar Maase, Tobias Matzner, Julian Nida-Rümelin, Anja Spilski, Nathalie Weidenfeld, Marius Wuketich. About 30 years ago, the metaphor of ‘the dark sides of consumer behaviour’ was introduced in consumer behaviour research. Consumers sometimes knowingly place themselves in the wrong with their behaviour (as in the case of fraudulent returning of products, for example), but regard their misdemeanours as ‘smart peccadilloes’. In addition, people succumb to harmful temptations and tend towards addictions (e.g. in the form of gambling). Finally, consumers often act more selfishly (or less sustainably) than they claim to. The contributions in this book examine this general topic, address the dark sides of consumerism and encourage both consumers and companies to rethink some of their behaviour and also develop counter-strategies to it. With contributions by Tilman Becker, Jonas Grauel, Andrea Gröppel-Klein, Rita Hagl-Kehl, Ludger Heidbrink, Stefan Hoffmann, Martin Klug, Jörn Lamla, Janina Loh, Kaspar Maase, Tobias Matzner, Julian Nida-Rümelin, Anja Spilski, Nathalie Weidenfeld, Marius Wuketich.
Izhodišča. Zasvojenost od alkohola je zelo pogosta in kompleksna bolezen. Zasvojeni od alkohola imajo veliko tveganje za pojav sopojavne psihiatrične motnje. Metode. V prvi tovrstni slovenski ...raziskavi smo preverili prisotnost in izraženost simptomatike najpogostejših sopojavnih duševnih motenj pri zasvojenih od alkohola. Vključili smo tri skupine moških: 101 preiskovanca, hospitaliziranega zaradi zdravljenja akutne zasvojenosti od alkohola, 100 abstinentnih preiskovancev in 97 zdravih kontrol iz skupine prostovoljnih krvodajalcev. Za oceno simptomatike smo uporabili vprašalnike AUDIT, Yale-Brownovo lestvico obsesivnosti in kompulzivnosti ter lestvico obsesivno-kompulzivnega pitja, Zungovo lestvico depresivnosti in anksioznosti, Kratko lestvico socialne fobije in Buss-Durkeejevo lestvico sovražnosti. Rezultati. V skupini preiskovancev z akutno zasvojenostjo so bili pomembno bolj izražene obsesivna (p < 0,001) in kompulzivna simptomatika (p < 0,001) ter obsesivno-kompulzivna simptomatika, vezana na pitje alkoholnih pijač (p < 0,001), kot v preostalih dveh skupinah. Pri preiskovancih z akutno zasvojenostjo so bile v primerjavi z abstinenti in zdravimi kontrolami statistično pomembno bolj izražene anksioznost (p < 0,001), depresivnost (p < 0,001) in agresivnost (p < 0,001). Zaključki. Obsesivno-kompulzivna simptomatika, anksioznost, depresivnost in agresivnost so lahko sopojavno vezane na zasvojenost od alkohola. Med zdravljenjem zasvojenosti od alkohola je zato treba pozornost usmeriti tudi na te simptome, saj tako lahko bistveno izboljšamo izid zdravljenja zasvojenosti od alkohola in zmanjšamo tveganje za relaps
Background. Alcohol addiction is a very common and complex disease. Alcohol addicted patients have a high risk for developing comorbid psychiatric disorder. Methods. In the present study, we explored ...symptom expression and severity for the most common comorbid mental disorders in Slovenian alcohol addicted patients. Three groups of male subjects were included: 101 acutely alcohol-addicted inpatients, 100 former alcohol-addicted subjects and 97 healthy controls from a blood donors group. The following questionnaires were employed: AUDIT, Zung Depression and Anxiety scale, Brief Social Phobia Scale, Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale, and Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory. Results. Acutely addicted patients showed significantly more obsessive (p<0.001) and compulsive (p<0.001) symptoms and also more obsessive-compulsive symptoms of relying on alcohol consumption (p<0.001) compared to the other two groups. Acutely addicted patients showed significantly more anxiety (p<0.001) as well as depressive (p<0.001) and aggressive (p<0.001) traits compared to the other two groups. Conclusions. Obsessive-compulsive, anxious, depressive and aggressive traits can be comorbidities associated with alcohol addiction. Increased attention to these symptoms during the treatment of alcohol addiction could result in better outcome of alcohol addiction treatment and lower relapse rate
Izhodišča. Zasvojenost od alkohola je zelo pogosta in kompleksna bolezen. Zasvojeni od alkohola imajo veliko tveganje za pojav sopojavne psihiatrične motnje. Metode. V prvi tovrstni slovenski raziskavi smo preverili prisotnost in izraženost simptomatike najpogostejših sopojavnih duševnih motenj pri zasvojenih od alkohola. Vključili smo tri skupine moških: 101 preiskovanca, hospitaliziranega zaradi zdravljenja akutne zasvojenosti od alkohola, 100 abstinentnih preiskovancev in 97 zdravih kontrol iz skupine prostovoljnih krvodajalcev. Za oceno simptomatike smo uporabili vprašalnike AUDIT, Yale-Brownovo lestvico obsesivnosti in kompulzivnosti ter lestvico obsesivno-kompulzivnega pitja, Zungovo lestvico depresivnosti in anksioznosti, Kratko lestvico socialne fobije in Buss-Durkeejevo lestvico sovražnosti. Rezultati. V skupini preiskovancev z akutno zasvojenostjo so bili pomembno bolj izražene obsesivna (p < 0,001) in kompulzivna simptomatika (p < 0,001) ter obsesivno-kompulzivna simptomatika, vezana na pitje alkoholnih pijač (p < 0,001), kot v preostalih dveh skupinah. Pri preiskovancih z akutno zasvojenostjo so bile v primerjavi z abstinenti in zdravimi kontrolami statistično pomembno bolj izražene anksioznost (p < 0,001), depresivnost (p < 0,001) in agresivnost (p < 0,001). Zaključki. Obsesivno-kompulzivna simptomatika, anksioznost, depresivnost in agresivnost so lahko sopojavno vezane na zasvojenost od alkohola. Med zdravljenjem zasvojenosti od alkohola je zato treba pozornost usmeriti tudi na te simptome, saj tako lahko bistveno izboljšamo izid zdravljenja zasvojenosti od alkohola in zmanjšamo tveganje za relaps
Reducing Adolescent Risk: Toward an Integrated Approach focuses on common influences that result in a number of interrelated risk behaviors in order to design more unified, comprehensive prevention ...strategies. Edited by Daniel Romer, this book summarizes presentations and discussions held at the Adolescent Risk Communication Institute of the University of Pennsylvania Annenberg Public Policy Center. Concentrating on common causes for varied risk behaviors, a group of leading researchers and intervention specialists from different health traditions synthesize current knowledge about risks to adolescent health in several areas, including drugs and alcohol, tobacco, unprotected sex, suicide and depression, and gambling. Primarily intended for graduate students, scholars, and researchers in psychology, sociology, social work, and public health, Reducing Adolescent Risk is also an extraordinary resource for policy makers in government organizations and foundations.
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