The effects of labour, citizenship and family status on the unequal treatment in health insurance Background: Right to health care is a human right, which should - because of its universal status - ...belong to an individual regardless of his or her personal circumstances. In the legislative process different systems provide different criteria for accessibility and funding of this right. In doing so, one can observe how respective social priorities affect inclusion and exclusion of beneficiaries of health care on the ground of their legal status. Methods: This article is based on analysis and interpretation of primary and secondary sources, particularly national and international legal acts regarding constitutional right to health care, health care and health insurance, employment and family relations and the law of aliens. Results: As the enjoyment of the right of health insurance depends on an individual's labour, citizenship and family status, the users of health care are treated unequally. The legislation is based on the assumption that work is normally performed in the form of an employment relationship. In modern times, however, atypical forms of work are on the rise and therefore health insurance rights are thus differently available to different persons of the same actual but different legal status. The rights of persons, who are not insured on the basis of a labour status, are subsidiary tied to family relations and their enforcement thus also depends on whether the person is married, living in a de facto union, same-sex partnership or is single. Nevertheless, right to health insurance is affected also by citizenship and different kinds of foreignness. Conclusion: Despite objective of universal health insurance coverage of all inhabitants, a growing number of inhabitants remain without basic health insurance. The most vulnerable are foreigners without permanent residence, self-employed persons and their family members, registered and unregistered same-sex partners, single persons and children in the reorganized families. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
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Predstavitev zdravstvene kartice - zobozdravniška ambulanta, čakalnica, nova kartica, zdravnica pregleduje otroka, bolniška sestra in mama, izjava dr. Stanislav Čuber, vodja projekta Kartice zdravstvenega zavarovanja.
Information:
After the Slovenian Institute for Health Insurance Assembly had adopted a decision to test the medical insurance cards in the Municipality of Krško, people already started to prepare for the project. The presentation of the medical card had already taken place in Ljubljana, now the detailed information was presented to reporters in the Posavje region.
Original language summary:
Potem, ko je skupščina Zavoda za zdravstvenega zavarovanja Slovenije junija letos sprejela sklep, da kartico zdravstvenega zavarovanja pilotsko preizkusijo v območni enoti Krško, so se tam že pričeli pripravljati na ta projekt. V Ljubljani so v javnosti kartico pred časom že predstavili, danes pa so podrobnostih o projektu izvedeli še novinarji v Posavju.
Avtorja v prispevku obravnavata dopustnost različnih oblik finančne asistence med družbo in njenimi družbeniki oziroma delničarji. Predstavljena je ureditev v slovenskem pravu družb, vključno z ...aktualno slovensko in nemško sodno prakso. Njuna temeljna ugotovitev je, da je posojila družbe družbenikom (posojila upstream) treba presojati z vidika kogentnih splošnih pravil o ohranjanju kapitala, enako pa velja tudi za zavarovanja za posojila tretjih oseb, na primer bank. Finančna asistenca je dopustna le, kolikor ne pomeni prepovedanega vračila vložka. Izpostavljata tudi posebnosti, ki veljajo v primerih koncernsko povezanih družb.
Autori u radu obrađuju dopustivost različitih oblika financijske asistencije između trgovačkog društva i njegovih članova, odnosno dioničara. Prikazano je pravno uređenje u slovenskom pravu društava te aktualna slovenska i njemačka sudska praksa. Temeljni je zaključak da zajmove društva članovima (up-stream zajmovi) treba prosuđivati sukladno prisilnim općim pravilima o očuvanju kapitala društva, a isto vrijedi i za davanje osiguranja za zajmove trećih osoba, primjerice banaka. Financijska asistencija će biti dopuštena samo ako ne predstavlja zabranjeni povrat uloga u društvo. Također se obrađuju posebnosti koje vrijede u slučajevima koncernsko povezanih društava.
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V razmerah majhnega trga kmetijskih zavarovanj lahko zavarovalnica svojo poslovno rast temelji na ponudbi novih vrst teh zavarovanj ali na območnem širjenju njihovega trga. Zavarovalnica, ki je ...predmet proučevanja, želi svoje poslovanje razširiti na trg Bosne in Hercegovine. Cilj raziskave je ugotoviti, ali lahko Zavarovalnica na novem trgu uporabi standardizirano strategijo trženja kmetijskih zavarovanj, ki jo uporablja v Sloveniji, ali pa mora strategijo trženja diferencirati in jo tako prilagoditi razmeram na novem ciljnem trgu. Na podlagi komparativne tržne analize okolja trženja, ciljnih tržnih segmentov in njihovih tržnih potencialov so za vsak segment izdelali SPIN matriko in iz nje izpeljali strategijo trženja. Rezultati kažejo, da lahko Zavarovalnica, kljub velikim razlikam v okolju trženja kmetijskih zavarovanj, obsegu in strukturi tega trga ter potencialnih kupcih, pri vstopu na trg Bosne in Hercegovine uporabi standardiziran model trženja, vendar z odlogom. Na tem trgu lahko Zavarovalnica uspešno trži storitev »kmetijska zavarovanja« na način, kot je to storitev tržila na slovenskem trgu pred letom 1990. Tako lahko revitalizira storitev, ki je na slovenskem trgu že zastarala, in s tem doseže stroškovno učinkovitost in višjo dobičkonosnost trženja kmetijskih zavarovanj.
How can mainstream models and classifications be used in analyzing welfare states and gender? What sorts of modifications to traditional theory are required? These and other questions are addressed ...in this book - the first to synthesize the insights of feminist and mainstream research in examining the impact of gender on welfare state analysis and outcomes. The text also highlights the effect of welfare state policies on women and men. The international and interdisciplinary contributors approach the subject on two levels. First, they test the applicability of mainstream frameworks to new areas in analyzing gender. Second, they highlight possible reconceptualizations and innovative frameworks designed to provide gender- based analyses. These approaches are combined with a strong comparative component, focusing on a cross-section of countries of major interest in welfare state research.
Extended description:
Naš kraj: Hudeje pri Trebnjem; obisk v romski vasi, romska vas (zima in sneg), lesena hiša, otroci pri igri, barake, Rominja se skriva in skriva tudi otroke, izjava Anica ...MIKLIČ, Center za socialno delo Trebnje, otroci pred bajto, izjava Matija HOČEVAR, Hudeje, izjava Marija PUST, vaščanke Hudej o odnosih z domačini, izjava Henrik URBIČ, vaščan Hudej (Romi nas tudi motijo) živina v hlevu, konjeništvo - izjava Katja GORJUP, jahalka, stara kmečka hiša, obešeni koruzni storži, nega konja, ogenj v štedilniku, na njem likalnik na žerjavico, izjava Marko MARA, izjava Darja TOMAŽIN, jahalka (na konju), pes in mlade mačke, konji v staji.
Our place: living among Romany people in Hudeje pri Trebnjem village.
Original language summary:
Naš kraj: življenje v romski vasi Hudeje pri Trebnjem.
Extended description:
Naš kraj: Hudeje pri Trebnjem; obisk v romski vasi, romska vas (zima in sneg), lesena hiša, otroci pri igri, barake, Rominja se skriva in skriva tudi otroke, izjava Anica MIKLIČ, Center za socialno delo Trebnje, otroci pred bajto, izjava Matija HOČEVAR, Hudeje, izjava Marija PUST, vaščanke Hudej o odnosih z domačini, izjava Henrik URBIČ, vaščan Hudej (Romi nas tudi motijo) živina v hlevu, konjeništvo - izjava Katja GORJUP, jahalka, stara kmečka hiša, obešeni koruzni storži, nega konja, ogenj v štedilniku, na njem likalnik na žerjavico, izjava Marko MARA, izjava Darja TOMAŽIN, jahalka (na konju), pes in mlade mačke, konji v staji.
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