Effect of antioxidant-rich kindergarten meals on oxidative stress
biomarkers in healthy 5-6-year-old children : a randomized controlled trial
Berlic, Maja, 1978- ...
As children spend up to 9 h a day in kindergarten, the main purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of antioxidant-rich
kindergarten meals on oxidative stress biomarkers (OSBs) in healthy ...children. In the randomized control trial with a follow-up, healthy 5–6-year-old children from six kindergartens were randomly divided into a prototype group (PG, n=40) and a
control group (CG, n=17). PG followed a 2-week antioxidant-rich kindergarten meal plan (breakfast, lunch, and two snacks),
and CG followed their standard kindergarten meal plans. Outside the kindergartens, participants ate as usual. We used a
consecutive 7-day dietary record inside and outside the kindergarten and the national dietary assessment tool OPEN to assess
the total dietary antioxidant capacity (dTAC) of the consumed foods. Malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine
(8-OHdG), and four F2-isoprostane were measured in fasting urine on days 1 and 15. We also measured total antioxidant
power (PAT) and hydroperoxides (d-ROMs) in fasting serum on day 15 and obtained the value of the oxidative stress index
(OSI). We used a Welch two-sample t-test and multiple regression analysis to compare the prototype and control groups and
a nonparametric Wilcoxon signed rank exact test to compare pre- and post-intervention results in urine. Antioxidant-rich
kindergarten meals contributed to a significantly (p<0.05) higher intake of dTAC in PG participants compared to standard
meals in CG participants (8.6 vs. 2.8 mmol/day). We detected a negative correlation between dTAC intake and d-ROMs
and between dTAC intake and OSI (r= −0.29, p=0.043 and r= −0.31, p=0.032, respectively). A significant decrease in
urinary 8-iso-15-prostaglandin-F-2 alpha was detected in PG participants between days 1 and 15; however, no other intra-individual significant differences in urinary OSBs were found.
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