In order to study the role of VOCs in the formation of ozone during the high ozone season in summer in Shanghai, 103 volatile organic compounds, ozone, and nitrogen oxides were measured at state ecology and environment scientific observation and research station for the Yangtze River Delta at Dianeshan Lake from May to August 2018. The average volume fraction of VOCs was 32.7×10 during the high ozone season in Shanghai. Carbonyl compounds were the main components of VOCs, accounting for 35.0%. Among the carbonyl compounds, the volume fraction of formaldehyde was the highest, followed by acetone, accounting for 82.8% of the total carbonyl compounds. The chemical reaction activity of ambient air was the strongest in May, and the total ozone formation potential (OFP) was 337.2 μg·m . Formaldehyde had the highest contribution. The examination of the diurnal variations in alkanes, alkenes, and aromatics revealed higher average concentrations at nighttime than at daytime, with a small peak in the morning, which was