Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with tunable compositions and morphologies are recognized as efficient self‐sacrificial templates to achieve function‐oriented nanostructured materials. Moreover, it is urgently needed to develop highly efficient noble metal‐free oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts to accelerate the development of overall water splitting green energy conversion systems. Herein, a facile and cost‐efficient strategy to synthesize Co9S8 nanoparticles‐embedded N/S‐codoped carbon nanofibers (Co9S8/NSCNFs) as highly active OER catalyst is developed. The hybrid precursor of core–shell ZIF‐wrapped CdS nanowires is first prepared and then leads to the formation of uniformly dispersed Co9S8/N, S‐codoped carbon nanocomposites through a one‐step calcination reaction. The optimal Co9S8/NSCNFs‐850 is demonstrated to possess excellent electrocatalytic performance for OER in 1.0 m KOH solution, affording a low overpotential of 302 mV to reach the current density of 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope of 54 mV dec−1, and superior long‐term stability for 1000 cyclic voltammetry cycles. The favorable results raise a concept of exploring more MOF‐based nanohybrids as precursors to induce the synthesis of novel porous nanomaterials as non‐noble‐metal electrocatalysts for sustainable energy conversion. Through a one‐step direct pyrolysis process, Co9S8 nanoparticles‐embedded N/S‐codoped carbon nanofibers derived from the hybrid precursor of core–shell ZIF‐wrapped CdS nanowires are successfully achieved which exhibit excellent oxygen evolution reaction catalytic performance. This presented strategy paves the way for exploring more metal–organic framework‐based nanohybrids as precursors to induce the synthesis of novel functional nanomaterials.