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Akerib, D. S.; Al Musalhi, A. K.; Angelides, N.; Armstrong, J. E.; Arthurs, M.; Bai, X.; Bauer, D.; Baxter, A.; Beattie, K.; Bhatti, A.; Bodnia, E.; Boxer, B.; Brew, C. A. J.; Burdin, S.; Busenitz, J. K.; Buuck, M.; Chan, C.; Chawla, A.; Cole, A.; Cottle, A.; Cutter, J. E.; Druszkiewicz, E.; Fearon, N. M.; Fiorucci, S.; Gaitskell, R. J.; Genovesi, J.; Gibson, E.; Gilchriese, M. G. D.; van der Grinten, M. G. D.; Gwilliam, C. B.; Haselschwardt, S. J.; Horn, M.; Huang, D. Q.; Hunt, D.; Ignarra, C. M.; Ji, W.; Johnson, J.; Kaboth, A. C.; Kamaha, A. C.; Khaitan, D.; Korley, L.; Leason, E. A.; Levy, C.; Lee, J.; Lin, J.; Linehan, R.; Lippincott, W. H.; Liu, X.; Lopez-Paredes, B.; Lorenzon, W.; Luitz, S.; Majewski, P. A.; Manalaysay, A.; Manenti, L.; Marangou, N.; McCarthy, M. E.; McKinsey, D. N.; McLaughlin, J.; Miller, E. H.; Mizrachi, E.; Monte, A.; Monzani, M. E.; Morales Mendoza, J. D.; Morrison, E.; Naim, D.; Naylor, A.; Nedlik, C.; Nelson, H. N.; Nikoleyczik, J. A.; Oliver-Mallory, K.; Palmer, J.; Parveen, N.; Pease, E. K.; Penning, B.; Pereira, G.; Perry, E.; Pershing, J.; Piepke, A.; Richards, A.; Rushton, T.; Shaw, S.; Shutt, T. A.; Sinev, G.; Smith, R.; Solmaz, M.; Sorensen, P.; Szydagis, M.; Tiedt, D. R.; Trask, M.; Tripathi, M.; Tronstad, D. R.; Turner, W.; Wang, B.; Watson, J. R.; Webb, R. C.; White, R. G.; Whitis, T. J.; Williams, M.; Xia, Q.; Yeh, M.
Physical review. D, 04/2022, Volume: 105, Issue: 8Journal Article
We estimate the amount of 37Ar produced in natural xenon via cosmic-ray-induced spallation, an inevitable consequence of the transportation and storage of xenon on the Earth’s surface. We then calculate the resulting 37Ar concentration in a 10-tonne payload (similar to that of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment) assuming a representative schedule of xenon purification, storage, and delivery to the underground facility. Using the spallation model by Silberberg and Tsao, the sea-level production rate of 37Ar in natural xenon is estimated to be 0.024 atoms/ kg/day . Assuming the xenon is successively purified to remove radioactive contaminants in 1-tonne batches at a rate of 1 tonne/month, the average 37Ar activity after 10 tons are purified and transported underground is 0.058 - 0.090 μBq/kg , depending on the degree of argon removal during above-ground purification. Such cosmogenic 37Ar will appear as a noticeable background in the early science data, while decaying with a 35-day half-life. This newly noticed production mechanism of 37Ar should be considered when planning for future liquid-xenon-based experiments.
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