Energy‐dense rechargeable batteries have enabled a multitude of applications in recent years. Moving forward, they are expected to see increasing deployment in performance‐critical areas such as electric vehicles, grid storage, space, defense, and subsea operations. While this at first glance spells great promise for conventional lithium‐ion batteries, all of these use‐cases, unfortunately, share periodic and recurring exposures to extremely low‐temperature conditions, a performance constraint where the lithium‐ion chemistry can fail to perform optimally. Next‐generation chemistries employing alternative anodes with increased solvent compatibility or altogether different operating mechanisms could present an avenue for overcoming many of the low‐temperature hurdles intrinsic to the lithium‐ion battery. In this article, a brief overview of the challenges in developing lithium‐ion batteries for low‐temperature use is provided, and then an array of nascent battery chemistries are introduced that may be intrinsically better suited for low‐temperature conditions moving forward. Specifically, the prospects of using lithium‐metal, lithium‐sulfur, and dual‐ion batteries for performance‐critical low‐temperature applications are evaluated. These three chemistries are presented as prototypical examples of how the conventional low‐temperature charge‐transfer resistances can be overcome. However, these three chemistries also present their own unique challenges at low temperatures, highlighting the balance between traditional low‐temperature electrolyte design and next‐generation approaches. Low‐temperature conditions present severe hurdles for lithium‐ion battery operation. Next‐generation batteries can improve low‐temperature performance through increased solvent compatibility or unique charge‐transfer mechanisms. This presents an avenue for overcoming the conventionally envisioned rate‐limiting hurdles at low‐temperatures, including lithium‐ion desolvation. An overview and outlook are provided on the potential for advanced lithium‐based batteries in low‐temperature conditions.