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Zhao, Yini; Sun, Qi; Hu, Kun; Ruan, Jiming; Yang, Xianle
Fish physiology and biochemistry, 02/2016, Volume: 42, Issue: 1Journal Article
Carassius auratus gibelio has been widely cultivated in fish farms in China, with avermectin (AVM) being used to prevent parasite infection. Recently, AVM was found to pass through the Carassius auratus gibelio blood-brain barrier (BBB). Although AVM acts mainly through a GABA receptor and specifically the alpha 1 subunit gene, the most common isoform of the GABA A receptor, which is widely expressed in brain neurons and has been studied in other fish, Carassius auratus gibelio GABA A receptor alpha 1 subunit gene cloning, and whether AVM passes through the BBB to induce Carassius auratus gibelio GABA A receptor alpha 1 subunit gene expression have not been studied. The aim of this study was to clone, sequence, and phylogenetically analyze the GABA A receptor alpha 1 subunit gene and to investigate the correlation of its expression with neurotoxicity in brain, liver, and kidney after AVM treatment by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The alpha 1 subunit gene was 1550 bp in length with an open reading frame of 1380 bp encoding a predicted protein with 459 amino acid residues. The gene contained 128 bp of 5' terminal untranslated region (URT) and 72 bp of 3' terminal UTR. The alpha 1 subunit structural features conformed to the Cys-loop ligand-gated ion channels family, which includes a signal peptide, an extracellular domain at the N-terminal, and four transmembrane domains. The established phylogenetic tree indicated that the alpha 1 subunits of Carassius auratus gibelio and Danio rerio were the most closely related to each other. The alpha 1 subunit was found to be highly expressed in brain and ovary, and the alpha 1 mRNA transcription level increased significantly in brain. Moreover, the higher the concentration of AVM was, the higher the GABA A receptor expression was, indicating that AVM can induce significant neurotoxicity to Carassius auratus gibelio. Therefore, the alpha 1 subunit mRNA expression was positively correlated with the neurotoxicity of AVM in Carassius auratus gibelio. Our findings suggest that AVM should be used carefully in Carassius auratus gibelio farming, and other alternate antibiotics with lower toxicity should be investigated with respect to toxicity via the induction of GABA A receptor expression for fish farming.
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