...obesity is brought about by a failure of the interactions between body composition and food intake regulation to restrain eating when the body's energy stores are more than adequate for health." The ultraprocessed food diet was associated with increased spontaneous energy intake and weight gain despite being matched to the unprocessed diets for calories, sugar, fat, sodium, fiber, and macronutrients 17. ...there may be hope on the horizon! THE FRUCTOSE SURVIVAL SWITCH MODEL ASAN INTEGRATING HYPOTHESIS After their review of proposed models for obesity, Johnson et al. turn to a discussion of the "survival switch model" activated by fructose as a potential mechanism for integrating other nutritional models 1. In addition to fructose, this response is triggered by hunger, thirst, foraging, weight gain, fat accumulation, insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, and increased blood pressure.