Federal health agency leaders describe plans to develop infrastructure for generating high-quality evidence to improve care. They argue that it will be necessary to embed research in clinical care, create interoperable research data networks, and apply new research methods. Making better choices about health and health care requires the best possible evidence. Unfortunately, many of the decisions made today in our health care system are not supported by high-quality evidence 1 – 4 derived from randomized, controlled trials or well-designed observational studies. But as rich, diverse sources of digital data become widely available for research and as analytical tools continue to grow in power and sophistication, the research and health care communities now have the opportunity to quickly and efficiently generate the scientific evidence needed to support improved decision making about health and health care. The pursuit of high-quality, data-driven evidence . . .