Honeycomb sandwich composites are suitable for making structural materials that are mainly characterized by their lightweight and high stiffness strength. The honeycomb structures filled with foam materials or granular materials concerning to the applications enhance the strength and the damping properties. In this paper, an emphasis has been provided for the comprehensive review of response of honeycomb sandwich structures in different conditions, namely, static, dynamic, and damping behaviors with and without filler material from an experimental and finite element simulation perspective. Various applications of honeycomb sandwich composites in different fields are also reviewed in this paper. Potential new directions in honeycomb sandwich composites are also identified in this paper in addition to the current practices. Conclusions and recommendations from different technical papers are reviewed by considering the honeycomb sandwich composites with filler materials. The given area of research seeks more scientific analysis, modeling, and experiments in future structural applications.