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Bozkurt, Biykem; Coats, Andrew J.S.; Tsutsui, Hiroyuki; Abdelhamid, Ca Magdy; Adamopoulos, Stamatis; Albert, Nancy; Anker, Stefan D.; Atherton, John; Böhm, Michael; Butler, Javed; Drazner, Mark H.; Michael Felker, G.; Filippatos, Gerasimos; Fiuzat, Mona; Fonarow, Gregg C.; Gomez‐Mesa, Juan‐Esteban; Heidenreich, Paul; Imamura, Teruhiko; Jankowska, Ewa A.; Januzzi, James; Khazanie, Prateeti; Kinugawa, Koichiro; Lam, Carolyn S.P.; Matsue, Yuya; Metra, Marco; Ohtani, Tomohito; Francesco Piepoli, Massimo; Ponikowski, Piotr; Rosano, Giuseppe M.C.; Sakata, Yasushi; Seferović, Petar; Starling, Randall C.; Teerlink, John R.; Vardeny, Orly; Yamamoto, Kazuhiro; Yancy, Clyde; Zhang, Jian; Zieroth, Shelley
European journal of heart failure, March 2021, Volume: 23, Issue: 3Journal Article
In this document, we propose a universal definition of heart failure (HF) as a clinical syndrome with symptoms and/or signs caused by a structural and/or functional cardiac abnormality and corroborated by elevated natriuretic peptide levels and/or objective evidence of pulmonary or systemic congestion. We also propose revised stages of HF as: At risk for HF (Stage A), Pre‐HF (Stage B), Symptomatic HF (Stage C) and Advanced HF (Stage D). Finally, we propose a new and revised classification of HF according to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). This includes HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF): symptomatic HF with LVEF ≤40%; HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF): symptomatic HF with LVEF 41–49%; HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF): symptomatic HF with LVEF ≥50%; and HF with improved ejection fraction (HFimpEF): symptomatic HF with a baseline LVEF ≤40%, a ≥10 point increase from baseline LVEF, and a second measurement of LVEF > 40%.
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