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  • Five‐year survival and clin...
    Brown, Lauren J; da Silva, Ines Pires; Moujaber, Tania; Gao, Bo; Hui, Rina; Gurney, Howard; Carlino, Matteo; Nagrial, Adnan

    Cancer medicine (Malden, MA), March 2023, Volume: 12, Issue: 6
    Journal Article

    Aims There is robust trial evidence for improved overall survival (OS) with immunotherapy in advanced solid organ malignancies. The real‐world long‐term survival data and the predictive variables are not yet known. Our aim was to evaluate factors associated with 3‐year and 5‐year OS for patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Methods We performed a retrospective study of patients who received ICIs as management of advanced solid organ malignancies in two tertiary Australian oncology centres from 2012–2017. Data pertaining to clinical characteristics, metastatic disease burden, immune‐related adverse events (IRAEs) and tumour responses were collected and their relationship to survival examined. Results In this analysis of 264 patients, 202 (76.5%) had melanoma, 46 (17.4%) had non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 12 (4.5%) had renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and 4 (1.5%) had mesothelioma. The 5‐year OS rates were 42.1% in patients with melanoma, 19.6% with NSCLC, 75% with RCC, and none of the mesothelioma patients were alive at 5 years. In multivariate analysis, an ECOG score of 0 (Hazard ratio HR 0.39; 95% confidence interval CI 0.23–0.66; p < 0.001) and the occurrence of IRAE's of any grade (HR 0.61; 95% CI 0.37–0.95; p = 0.05) were associated with better 5‐year survival. The presence of bone metastases (HR 1.62; 95% CI 1.03–2.82; p = 0.05) and liver metastases (HR 1.76; 95% CI 1.07–2.89; p = 0.03) were associated with worse 5‐year survival. Conclusions These results support the long‐term benefits of immunotherapy that in some patients, extend to at least 5 years. ECOG performance status of 0 and the occurrence of irAEs are associated with better long‐term survival. Survival is significantly influenced by metastatic site and cancer type. These predictive clinical correlates aid discussions and planning in the delivery of ICIs to patients. Immunotherapy in solid organ tumours has long term benefits. Patients with ECOG 0 and irAE have an increased likelihood of survival at 5 years. Patients with liver and bone metastases have an increased likelihood of survival at 5 years.