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  • PD-L1 + macrophages suppres...
    Liu, Peng; Zhao, Liwei; Kroemer, Guido; Kepp, Oliver

    Oncoimmunology, 2024, Volume: 13, Issue: 1
    Journal Article

    Recently, we showed that an autologous DC-based vaccine induces an increase in immunosuppressive PD-L1 tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) both in the tumor and the tumor draining lymph nodes, thereby blunting the efficacy of therapeutic immunization. Only the combination of the DC vaccine with anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibition, but not the use of antibodies targeting PD-1 alone, was able to set off CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated tumor suppression in mice. In sum, we delineated a PD-L1 checkpoint blockade-based strategy to avoid TAM-induced T cell exhaustion during DC vaccine therapy.