With advancments in technology for minimally invasive sampling techniques, pathology laboratories are receiving increasing numbers of small biopsy and cytology specimens for multiple ancillary studies to help in the diagnosis and management of pulmonary diseases. A recently published evidence‐based guideline from the College of American Pathologists (CAP), in collaboration with 8 other professional medical societies, provides recommendations to clinicians for the collection of adequate material for diagnostic and ancillary testing as well as optimal handling in an attempt to prioritize ancillary testing. The primary goal of developing this CAP guideline is to assist pathologists and their clinical colleagues to better collect and handle small thoracic pathology specimens to help guide therapeutic decisions.