Epoxy resin-based composites have an important and extensive application value in both military and civilian, but their poor fire safety hinders their further development. Therefore, it is very important to improve the flame retardant properties of epoxy resin matrix composites, and a large number of literature reports have appeared in recent years. Biogenic epoxy resin flame retardants have emerged as the times require due to the problems of large amount of addition, difficult dispersion and low interfacial strength of epoxy resin flame retardants, as well as the continuous improvement of people's awareness of green chemistry and sustainable development. In this review, scholars will realize the necessity of flame retardant epoxy resin, understand the burning process, type of flame retardants and flame retardant mechanism of epoxy resin. Mastering the preparation method of epoxy resin flame retardants related to the two most popular biogenic materials, phytic acid (PA) and chitosan (CS), and the influence on the performance of epoxy resin matrix and the flame retardant mechanism. Discovering the advantages, challenges and prospects of biogenic materials PA and CS in the research of flame retardant properties of epoxy resins.