It is accepted that the Turkish business system is included in the category of state-organised business systems, at least in many aspects. The main issue of this study is whether the change in power and policy in 1950 caused a change in the perception of the state in the market. Another issue is whether this change creates a structural transformation in the state being a founding actor in the market. In this study, the structural elements of the Turkish business system were examined from a historical perspective. Because the studies of the Turkish business system mostly begin with the Republican period, the idea that the traces of the political, economic and social conditions that formed this period should be traced back to the Second Constitutional Period is one of the main propositions of this study. Finally, the internal and external causes of the change in the 1950s are examined and it is discussed whether this change led to a transformation in the state's business practice.