To further improve the working performance of 1-3 piezoelectric composites, in this paper, they are regarded as two-dimensional phononic crystals, the band structures, transmission characteristics and vibration modes are firstly calculated by the finite element method, and the suppression of lateral vibration by 1-3 piezoelectric composite structure is investigated based on band gap theory to obtain a purer thickness vibration. Secondly, the influence of the lattice system on the band gap as well as the overall working performance of piezoelectric composites is analyzed, finite element models of square and hexagonal lattice piezoelectric composites are established, and their operating parameters such as transmitting voltage response level and total radiated power are calculated by simulation. This study shows that the working frequency of 1-3 piezoelectric composites can be set in the band gap of phononic crystals to obtain better lateral vibration suppression; compared with square lattice, 1-3 piezoelectric composites with piezoelectric phase hexagonal lattice arrangement can obtain larger working bandwidth and higher total radiated power in the thickness mode, the overall working performance is better. This study is a guideline for the design and application of piezoelectric components in the fields of acoustics and medicine.