In the course of molecular phylogeographical investigations in Androsace sect. Aretia a previously unrecognised entity from Crna Gora/Montenegro was identified as a genetically and morphologically clearly seperated lineage and is described here as a new species, Androsace komovensis Schönswetter & Schneew. It is restricted to a single high-alpine rock-cliff in the Komovi mountain range in Montenegro. The new species morphologically resembles A. Mathildae Lever from the Abruzzo mountains (Italy), but differs in the presistent, dense and regular indumentum of the leaf margin. Molecular phylogenetic data indicate that A. komovensis Schönswetter & Schneew. is not closely related to A. mathildae Levier, but instead is sister species to the Eastern Alpine endemic A. hausmanni Leyb.